Difference between revisions of "Urum/Grammar"
From LING073
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== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === ??? === | ||
| + | Lemma + plural + possessive + case (from JNW) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV | ||
| + | |||
=== Vowel Harmony === | === Vowel Harmony === | ||
In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be: | In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be: | ||
| − | + | # '''narrow''' (а, о, у, ы) | |
| − | + | # '''wide''' (a, o, y, ы), | |
| − | + | # '''rounded''' (o, y, ö, ÿ) | |
| − | + | # '''unrounded''' (a, э, ы, и). | |
There are '''two types of suffixes''' (check the '''last vowel''' that comes BEFORE): | There are '''two types of suffixes''' (check the '''last vowel''' that comes BEFORE): | ||
| Line 22: | Line 28: | ||
if narrow, the suffix will be “э” | if narrow, the suffix will be “э” | ||
| − | + | # If wide, the suffix will be “a” | |
| − | + | # If narrow, the suffix will be “э” | |
| + | |||
| + | '''Second''': | ||
| + | # If '''wide''' and '''unrounded''', “ы” | ||
| + | # If '''wide''' and '''rounded''', “у” | ||
| + | # If '''narrow''' and '''unrounded''', “и” | ||
| + | # If '''narrow''' and '''rounded''', “ÿ” (after) | ||
| − | |||
| − | * | + | === The Suffix of Plurality === |
| + | * лар/лер | ||
| + | If the base ENDS WITH A м/н CONSONANT, л CHANGES TO н | ||
| − | + | === Cases (Nominative and Accusative) === | |
| + | CASES (NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE) | ||
| + | Lemma + (plural suffix) + suffix of a case | ||
| − | + | There is harmony of consonants: if a word ends at -x, -к, -п, | |
| − | + | And if the suffix starts at a vowel, | |
| − | + | Then х - г, к - ґ, п - б change | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
Revision as of 16:12, 16 February 2023
This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.
Contents
General information
Parts of speech
Morphology
???
Lemma + plural + possessive + case (from JNW)
Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV
Vowel Harmony
In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be:
- narrow (а, о, у, ы)
- wide (a, o, y, ы),
- rounded (o, y, ö, ÿ)
- unrounded (a, э, ы, и).
There are two types of suffixes (check the last vowel that comes BEFORE):
First: if the last vowel is wide, the suffix will be “a” if narrow, the suffix will be “э”
- If wide, the suffix will be “a”
- If narrow, the suffix will be “э”
Second:
- If wide and unrounded, “ы”
- If wide and rounded, “у”
- If narrow and unrounded, “и”
- If narrow and rounded, “ÿ” (after)
The Suffix of Plurality
- лар/лер
If the base ENDS WITH A м/н CONSONANT, л CHANGES TO н
Cases (Nominative and Accusative)
CASES (NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE)
Lemma + (plural suffix) + suffix of a case
There is harmony of consonants: if a word ends at -x, -к, -п, And if the suffix starts at a vowel, Then х - г, к - ґ, п - б change
Syntax
Grammar points
References:
- Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
- "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)
