Difference between revisions of "Huaylas Quechua/Grammar"

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(→‎Parts of Speech of Huaylas Quechua)
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==== Noun Phrases ====
 
==== Noun Phrases ====
 
Similarly to English, nouns can directly modify the following noun in a noun phrase <ref name="parkerGrammar"/> <ref>try saying that three times fast!</ref>. For example, the noun phrase ''hara chakra,'' meaning ''corn farm,'' is composed of the noun adjunct ''hara'' (corn) first, and the modified  ''chakra'' (farm) <ref> ''Chakra'' refers to a specific type of farm with no direct English translation [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacra]</ref> second.  
 
Similarly to English, nouns can directly modify the following noun in a noun phrase <ref name="parkerGrammar"/> <ref>try saying that three times fast!</ref>. For example, the noun phrase ''hara chakra,'' meaning ''corn farm,'' is composed of the noun adjunct ''hara'' (corn) first, and the modified  ''chakra'' (farm) <ref> ''Chakra'' refers to a specific type of farm with no direct English translation [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacra]</ref> second.  
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** {{morphTest|hara {{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|boxes}}
 +
** {{morphTest|match{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|matches}}
 +
** {{morphTest|kiss{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|kisses}}
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
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An example is as follows:
+
Because Quechua is agglutinative, these inflections are added to the original morpheme.
  
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{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = qwh| glossing = link
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{| class="wikitablesortable" style="margin:auto"
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|top = ''Makikikunawan'' 
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|+ Inflections
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|maki  ki kuna  wan
+
|-
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|hand your-POS plural with-INST-COM
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! Huaylas !! Inflection !! English
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|Hand your plural with
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|-
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|'With your hands.'}}
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| ki|| possessor || your
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+
|-
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{{interlinear |Nginda-rni ngaja-mi jurliji-rdarra diyim ka-rdu |DEM(M)-FOC see-IRR bird-PL fly 3SG-go |'Look at all the birds flying!'}}
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| kuna || plural ||
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|-
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| wan || comitative-instrumental case || with (the, a)
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|}
  
  
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:noun(''hand'') + possessor(''your'') + number(''plural'') + preposition/case(''with'')
 
:noun(''hand'') + possessor(''your'') + number(''plural'') + preposition/case(''with'')
  
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{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = kWh
 
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|ni-c-chihui-lia in no-piltzin ce calli
 
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|1SG.SUBJ-3SG.OBJ-mach-APPL DET 1SG.POSS-Sohn ein Haus|}}
 
  
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{{interlinear
 
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|Nginda-rni ngaja-mi jurliji-rdarra diyim ka-rdu
 
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|DEM(M)-FOC see-IRR bird-PL fly 3SG-go
 
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|'Look at all the birds flying!'}}
 
  
−
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitablesortable"
 
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|+ Modifying with Nouns
 
−
|-
 
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! Huaylas !! Inflection !! English
 
−
|-
 
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| maki|| none || hand
 
−
|-
 
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| makiki|| possessor || your hand
 
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|-
 
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| makikuna || plural || hands
 
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|-
 
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| makiwan || with (the, a) || hand
 
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|-
 
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| makikikunawan || possessor + number + case || with your hands
 
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|}
 
  
  

Revision as of 16:43, 17 February 2023

Background

Huaylas Ancash Quechua is a Central Quechuan variety spoken in Callejon de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru. More information is available on the main page.

Language Typology

Huaylas Ancash Quechua is a polysynthetic, aggluginative language [1]. Prepositions, conjunctions, and relative pronouns are indicated with inflection suffixes [1].Primarily a verb-final language, with a preferred word order of SOV, Huaylas Quechua additionally allows OSV, SVO, VSO, OVS, and VOS [2]. Despite a diverse word order, the grammatical arguments of a sentence remain easy to identify due to a large and rich system of markers that indicate grammatical arguments, subjects and objects, and case.

Parts of Speech of Huaylas Quechua

Nouns

Noun Phrases

Similarly to English, nouns can directly modify the following noun in a noun phrase [1] [3]. For example, the noun phrase hara chakra, meaning corn farm, is composed of the noun adjunct hara (corn) first, and the modified chakra (farm) [4] second.

    • hara <n><pl> ↔ boxes
    • match<n><pl> ↔ matches
    • kiss<n><pl> ↔ kisses
Modifying with Nouns
Huaylas Spanish English translation
hara chakra chacra de maiz corn farm
chakra allpa tierra de una chacra farmland


Noun Inflection

Nouns inflect in the following order:

Categories of person (possessor) → Number (singular/plural) → Case


Because Quechua is agglutinative, these inflections are added to the original morpheme.

Inflections
Huaylas Inflection English
ki possessor your
kuna plural
wan comitative-instrumental case with (the, a)


makikikunawan

noun(hand) + possessor(your) + number(plural) + preposition/case(with)



Case

Person Marking

Verbs

Present Tense

Preterite Tense

Future Tense

Verb Inflection

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Parker, Gary John. Gramatica Quechua (Ancash-Huailas) / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976
  2. ↑ Julca Guerrero, Felix Claudio. The person-marking system in Huaylas Quechua
  3. ↑ try saying that three times fast!
  4. ↑ Chakra refers to a specific type of farm with no direct English translation [1]
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