Difference between revisions of "Ainu/Grammar"
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There are two types of adjectives {{tag|adj}} in Ainu, simple and compound. Both can express number. There are at least 15 adjectival endings for simple adjectives. Some examples include: | There are two types of adjectives {{tag|adj}} in Ainu, simple and compound. Both can express number. There are at least 15 adjectival endings for simple adjectives. Some examples include: | ||
Revision as of 14:27, 9 February 2017
Contents
Parts of Speech
Adverb
Adverbs in Ainu <adv> seem to be created from adding suffixes to adjectives:
- ashiri<adv> ↔ ashin'no
- son<adv> ↔ sonno
- moire<adv> ↔ moire-tara
- ratchi<adv> ↔ ratchi-tara
Article
Although there is no proper article in Ainu, the numeral adjective «shine» can be used as an indefinite article, for which we will use the tag <det> to denote determiner and <ind> to denote indefiniteness.
- ainu<det> ↔ shine ainu (a man)
- chisei<det> ↔ shine chisei (a house)
- chikoikip<det> ↔ shine chikoikip (an animal)
However, «shine» is also used to denote one of a thing (denoted by the tag <sg>) varying by context:
- ainu<sg> ↔ shine ainu "one man"
- shiwentep<sg> ↔ shine shiwentep "one woman"
For the definite article (<def> the demonstrative adjective «nei» is sometimes used:
- guru<det><def> ↔ nei guru "(the) person"
- chep<det><def> ↔ nei chep "(the) fish"
Noun
Nouns (<n>) in Ainu do not undergo any morphological processes to denote number, gender, or case.
- ainu<n><sg><dim> ↔ {{{2}}}
- attush<vblex> ↔ attush-kara (from "cloth" to "to weave")
- chisei<vblex> ↔ chisei-kara (from "a house" to "to build a house")
- hau<vblex> ↔ hau-koro (from "the voice" to "to crow; to bark; to neigh")
- honi<vblex> ↔ honi-koro (from "the stomach" to "to conceive")
- kaya<vblex> ↔ kaya-koro (from "a sail" to "to sail"
