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Amis Grammar

Forms of a Verb

Regular Verbs

Applicatives and Moods

Instrumental Applicative

This is used to indicate that there is an instrument or reason for doing something. the instrumental applicative can take three forms (shown in the table). the form with «pi-» can only be read as the instrument interpretation, while the forms with «ka-» can be interpreted as either instrument or reason. The tag for verbs should be <v>, the tag for the instrumental applicative should be <ins1> for instrument only and <ins2> for instrument or goal, the tag for negative should be <neg>.

• adup<v><ins1> ↔ sapiadup
• sanga<v><uv><ins1> ↔ masapisanga
• palu<v><ins1> ↔ sapipalu
• tukas<v><neg><ins1> ↔ kasapitukas
• fanaʼ<v><ins2> ↔ sakafanaʼ
• fanaʼ<v><ins1> ↔ sapifanaʼ

Nouns\cases

Locative Applicative

The locative applicative is used to indicate that there is an undergoer, goal, or location of doing something. The forms of the locative applicative «-an» are shown in the table below with the corresponding affixes. The tag for the locative applicative should be <loc>. The tag for the goal is <goal>, for patient is <pat>, and for location is <loca>.

• ulah<v><pat><loc> ↔ kaulahan
• diput<v><loca><loc> ↔ pidiputan
• adup<v><loca><loc> ↔ piadupan
• adup<v><pat><loc> ↔ miadupan
• repel<v><pat><loc> ↔ mirepelan
• cikay<v><pat><loc> ↔ micikayan

Factual Mood

The factual mood, marked with the suffix «-ay», indicates factuality. the tag <fact> is for the factual mood. The tag <adj> is for adjectives. The tag The tag <numb> is for numerals and the tag <pln> is for the numeral modifier. <uv> undergoer voice, <av> actor voice.

• kalat<v><av><fact> ↔ mikalatay
• palu<v><uv><fact> ↔ mapaluay
• kuhting<adj><fact> ↔ kuhtingay
• tataʼak<adj><fact> ↔ tataʼakay
• tusa<numb><pln><fact> ↔ tatusaay

Irrealis Mood

Imperative Mood

Clause Structures

Sentence Structure

• Amis is a predicate-initial language.

Noun Phrase Structure

Nouns

Case Markings

Pronouns

Tags: Pronoun: <prn> Personal: <pers> Singular: <sg> Plural: <pl> Person: <p1>, <p2>, <p3> Inclusive: <incl> Exclusive: <excl> Nominative: <nom> Genitive: <gen> Dative: <dat> Possessive: <pos>

• aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> ↔ kaku
• aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> ↔ aku
• aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><dat> ↔ takuwanan
• aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><pos> ↔ maku
• isu<prn><pers><sg><p2><nom> ↔ kisu
• isu<prn><pers><sg><p2><gen> ↔ isu
• isu<prn><pers><sg><p2><dat> ↔ tisuwanan
• isu<prn><pers><sg><p2><pos> ↔ misu
• ingra<prn><pers><sg><p3><nom> ↔ cingra
• ingra<prn><pers><sg><p3><gen> ↔ nira
• ingra<prn><pers><sg><p3><dat> ↔ cingranan
• ingra<prn><pers><sg><p3><pos> ↔ nira
• ita<prn><pers><pl><p1><incl><nom> ↔ kita
• ita<prn><pers><pl><p1><incl><gen> ↔ ita
• ita<prn><pers><pl><p1><incl><dat> ↔ kitanan
• ita<prn><pers><pl><p1><incl><pos> ↔ mita
• ami<prn><pers><pl><p1><excl><nom> ↔ kami
• ami<prn><pers><pl><p1><excl><gen> ↔ niyam
• ami<prn><pers><pl><p1><excl><dat> ↔ kamiyanan
• ami<prn><pers><pl><p1><excl><pos> ↔ niyam
• amu<prn><pers><pl><p2><nom> ↔ kamu
• amu<prn><pers><pl><p2><gen> ↔ namu
• amu<prn><pers><pl><p2><dat> ↔ tamuwanan
• amu<prn><pers><pl><p2><pos> ↔ namu
• angra<prn><pers><pl><p3><nom> ↔ cangra
• angra<prn><pers><pl><p3><gen> ↔ nangra
• angra<prn><pers><pl><p3><dat> ↔ cangraan
• angra<prn><pers><pl><p3><pos> ↔ nangra

Number Plural Marker

The numeral plural marker is used when the number is counting people and certain animals.

• tusa<numb><pln> ↔ tatusa
• tulu<numb><pln> ↔ tatulu
• lima<numb><pln> ↔ lalima

Spellrelax