Difference between revisions of "Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars"

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==qwh-spa tests==
 
==qwh-spa tests==
  
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===Possession and Reflexivity===
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===Possession===
 
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).  
 
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).  
  
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  

Revision as of 15:21, 14 April 2023

qwh-spa tests

Possession

There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

  • (qwh) Marcacunapa reynincuna → (spa) Los reyes de estos imperios ("The kings from these empires.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Papanincuna → (spa) Sus padres ("Their parents")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Auxiliary "Ser"

Space to talk about things!

  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Subordinate Clauses

Space to talk about things!

  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>


Evidentiality marker: -shI

Huaylas Quechua has a marker -shI which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" [1]. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

  • (qwh) Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi → (spa) Pero sus padres se enteraron ("But their parents found out")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Word Order

Space to talk about things!

  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

The Elusive "Tsë

Space to talk about things!

  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
    (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
  • ↑ Parker, Gary John. Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas) / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976
    • Retrieved from "http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Huaylas_Quechua_and_Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars&oldid=21169"