Difference between revisions of "Amis and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 14:22, 25 April 2023

In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.

(ami) Minanuy kaku tu safa. → (eng) I am swinging a younger sibling.
(ami) nanoy<v><av> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> safa<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> [swing<vblex><>] a<det><ind><sg> young<adj><sint><comp> sibling<n><sg>

(ami) Maulah kaku tu pusong. → (eng) I like Taitung.
(ami) ulah<v><uv><prst> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> pusong<np><top> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> like<vblex>[<pres> or <imp>] Taitung<np><top><sg>

Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.

(ami) Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay. → (eng) The dog is chasing Panay's child.
(ami) laʼop<v><av> u<nm><um><nom> wacu<n> u<nm><um><dat> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> [chase<vblex><>] Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg>

(ami) Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay. → (eng) Panay's child was chased by the dog.
(ami) laʼop<v><uv><prst> u<nm><um><gen> wacu<n> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> chase<vbser><pp> by<pr> the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg>

Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word aku when immediately following a noun marker.

(ami) Fangcal ku wawa aku. → (eng) My child is good.
{{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|fangcal<adj> ku<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><gen>|my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> good<adj><sint>}

(ami) Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku. → (eng) My chicken is big.
{{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|tata'ak<adj> ku<nm><um><nom> ʼayam<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen>|my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> chicken<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> big<adj><sint>}

The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.

Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Fangcal ku wawa aku.|My child is good.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|fangcal{{tag|adj}} ku{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wawa{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} good{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|fangcal{{tag|adj}} ku{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wawa{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} good{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}
 * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku.|My chicken is big.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|tata'ak{{tag|adj}} ku{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} ʼayam{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} chicken{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|tata'ak{{tag|adj}} ku{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} ʼayam{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} chicken{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}
 ==Transitive Verbs==