Difference between revisions of "Western Abenaki and English/Contrastive Grammar"
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{{comment|To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point. Adding the English word when it's not present in <code>abe</code> is another grammar point. Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW}} | {{comment|To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point. Adding the English word when it's not present in <code>abe</code> is another grammar point. Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW}} | ||
Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object. | Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object. | ||
| − | + | *{{transferTest|abe|eng|beskaaka|put him aside}} | |
| − | * | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|beskaaka{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|aa}}|put{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} him{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} aside{{tag|adv}}}} |
Revision as of 18:05, 4 May 2023
Contents
Animacy
Nouns and verbs are tagged with animacy, and there are different verbs depending on whether the subject/object are animate or inanimate.
Verb Animacy
To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point. Adding the English word when it's not present in abe is another grammar point. Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW
Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.
- (abe) beskaaka → (eng) put him aside
- (abe) beskaaka<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> him<prn><pers><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
- beskato<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
- see someone or something
- namiha<vb><tv><aa><o_3sg_def_aa>
- namito<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
- one names him or it
- wihlômek<vb><tv><aa><o_3sg_def_aa>
- witôzik<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
Plural Agreement
Adjectives and verbs must agree with the relevant noun in plurality
Adjective Plurality
This would be important for translation into abe, but it isn't for translation into eng -JNW
- pear (elongated apple) → pears (elongated apples)
- kwanogazid<adj> aples<n><aa><sg>
- kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl>
- flat light → flat lights (the northern lights)
- abagigen<adj> wassakw<n><aa><sg>
- abagigenol<adj><pl> wassakol<n><aa><pl>
Verb Plurality
this is a lot like English, no? -JNW
- pears are
- kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl> aoak<vb><iv><aa><pl>
- candlelights are present
- wassanmôganihlak<n><aa><pl> aimek<vb><iv><aa><pl>
First Person Possessive, First Person Subject
In Western Abenaki, the first person possessive marker is a prefixed n’. In English, this is simply the word "my." Similarly, a first person subject is marked on a verb with the same prefixed n’. In English, this is the word "I."
- N’cape - my coffee
- ^cape<n><nn><px1sg>/coffee<n><px1sg>$
- the "my" will be extracted in the Structural Transfer lab
- n’wlômawaldamen - I believe
- ^n’wlômawaldamen<vb><tv><nn><s_sg1>/believe<vb>
- The "I" will also be extracted
I see three useful grammar points here so far. See if you can come up with two more? -JNW
