Difference between revisions of "Western Abenaki and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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(→‎Verb Animacy)
(→‎Verb Animacy)
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====Verb Animacy====
 
====Verb Animacy====
 
{{comment|To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point.  Adding the English word when it's not present in <code>abe</code> is another grammar point.  Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW}}
 
{{comment|To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point.  Adding the English word when it's not present in <code>abe</code> is another grammar point.  Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW}}
 +
 
Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.
 
Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.
 
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|beskaaka|put him aside}}
 
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|beskaaka|put him aside}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|beskaaka{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|aa}}|put{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} him{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} aside{{tag|adv}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|beskaaka{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|aa}}|put{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} him{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} aside{{tag|adv}}}}
 +
 
 +
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|beskato|put it aside}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|beskato{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|nn}}|put{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} it{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} aside{{tag|adv}}}}
  
 +
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|namiha|see someone}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|namiha{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|aa}}|see{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} someone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}}}
  
−
**beskato<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
+
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|namito|see something}}
−
*see someone or something
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|namiha{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|nn}}|see{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} something{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}}}
−
**namiha<vb><tv><aa><o_3sg_def_aa>
 
−
**namito<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
 
−
*one names him or it
 
−
**wihlômek<vb><tv><aa><o_3sg_def_aa>
 
−
**witôzik<vb><tv><nn><o_3sg_def_nn>
 
  
 
===Plural Agreement===
 
===Plural Agreement===

Revision as of 18:17, 4 May 2023

Animacy

Nouns and verbs are tagged with animacy, and there are different verbs depending on whether the subject/object are animate or inanimate.

Verb Animacy

To output "someone" vs. "something" or "him" vs. "it" is a good grammar point. Adding the English word when it's not present in abe is another grammar point. Be sure to write these up with the correct template - JNW

Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.

  • (abe) beskaaka → (eng) put him aside
    (abe) beskaaka<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> him<prn><pers><aa><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
  • (abe) beskato → (eng) put it aside
    (abe) beskato<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> it<prn><pers><nn><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
  • (abe) namiha → (eng) see someone
    (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> someone<prn><ind><aa><sg><acc>
  • (abe) namito → (eng) see something
    (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> something<prn><ind><nn><sg><acc>

Plural Agreement

Adjectives and verbs must agree with the relevant noun in plurality

Adjective Plurality

This would be important for translation into abe, but it isn't for translation into eng -JNW

  • pear (elongated apple) → pears (elongated apples)
    • kwanogazid<adj> aples<n><aa><sg>
    • kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl>
  • flat light → flat lights (the northern lights)
    • abagigen<adj> wassakw<n><aa><sg>
    • abagigenol<adj><pl> wassakol<n><aa><pl>

Verb Plurality

this is a lot like English, no? -JNW

  • pears are
    • kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl> aoak<vb><iv><aa><pl>
  • candlelights are present
    • wassanmôganihlak<n><aa><pl> aimek<vb><iv><aa><pl>

First Person Possessive, First Person Subject

In Western Abenaki, the first person possessive marker is a prefixed n’. In English, this is simply the word "my." Similarly, a first person subject is marked on a verb with the same prefixed n’. In English, this is the word "I."

  • N’cape - my coffee
    • ^cape<n><nn><px1sg>/coffee<n><px1sg>$
    • the "my" will be extracted in the Structural Transfer lab
  • n’wlômawaldamen - I believe
    • ^n’wlômawaldamen<vb><tv><nn><s_sg1>/believe<vb>
    • The "I" will also be extracted

I see three useful grammar points here so far. See if you can come up with two more? -JNW

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