Difference between revisions of "Mchalfo1/Final Project"

Revision as of 01:16, 6 May 2023

Paiwan Transducer

Paiwan

Grammar

Sentence Structure

Paiwan is a predicate initial language. The predicate, often but not always a verb, will be the first word in the sentence. The ambiguity this causes for the role of nouns in the sentence is solved by case markers, which mark case as well as plurality.

Verbs

Voice

In Paiwan there are four voices, separated into two categories. The two categories are Active Voice (AV) and Non-Active Voice (NAV), with NAV being further separated into Goal Voice, Instrument Voice, and Locative Voice (not to be confused with the Locative Prefix).

Personal Pronouns

In Paiwan, personal pronouns may be free or bound. these pronouns have number and person, but not gender. The first person pronouns also have separate categories for inclusive and exclusive.

Case Markers

Case markers are words which mark the case of associated words, especially nouns. For predicate-initial languages this is important for clarifying the roles of the predicate's arguments.

Transducer

Total Corpus: TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:

  1459 ^sa/*sa$
  1220 ^aicu/*aicu$
   863 ^ka/*ka$
   762 ^aza/*aza$
   596 ^avan/*avan$
   429 ^kemasi/*kemasi$
   423 ^mavan/*mavan$
   418 ^saka/*saka$
   394 ^uri/*uri$
   393 ^qaw/*qaw$
   376 ^azua/*azua$
   375 ^au/*au$
   329 ^uta/*uta$
   325 ^tucu/*tucu$
   285 ^maqati/*maqati$
   268 ^kai/*kai$
   265 ^masan/*masan$
   265 ^gu/*gu$
   252 ^pakata/*pakata$
   251 ^caviljan/*caviljan$

coverage: 70144 / 128503 (~0.54585496058457779196) remaining unknown forms: 58359 ambiguity: 136891 / 128503 (~1.06527474066753305370) pwn.longcorpus.txt Fri May 5 01:28:21 PM EDT 2023 70144/128503 ~0.54585496058457779196 \| 136891/128503 ~1.06527474066753305370

Wiki: TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:

  1429 ^sa/*sa$
  1207 ^aicu/*aicu$
   844 ^ka/*ka$
   762 ^aza/*aza$
   596 ^avan/*avan$
   419 ^kemasi/*kemasi$
   414 ^mavan/*mavan$
   406 ^saka/*saka$
   393 ^qaw/*qaw$
   375 ^au/*au$
   342 ^uri/*uri$
   310 ^uta/*uta$
   308 ^tucu/*tucu$
   274 ^maqati/*maqati$
   266 ^kai/*kai$
   265 ^gu/*gu$
   258 ^masan/*masan$
   252 ^pakata/*pakata$
   251 ^caviljan/*caviljan$
   247 ^sihu/*sihu$

coverage: 66909 / 122380 (~0.54673149207386827913) remaining unknown forms: 55471 ambiguity: 129818 / 122380 (~1.06077790488641934957) pwn.wiki20230501.txt Fri May 5 01:29:23 PM EDT 2023 66909/122380 ~0.54673149207386827913 \| 129818/122380 ~1.06077790488641934957

Genesis Chapters: OP UNKNOWN WORDS:

    31 ^uri/*uri$
    29 ^sa/*sa$
    29 ^azua/*azua$
    24 ^sun/*sun$
    24 ^marka/*marka$
    23 ^anga/*anga$
    17 ^su/*su$
    16 ^kadunangan/*kadunangan$
    14 ^vangal/*vangal$
    14 ^sika/*sika$
    14 ^qemati/*qemati$
    14 ^pai/*pai$
    14 ^ku/*ku$
    13 ^timadu/*timadu$
    13 ^qemuzimuzip/*qemuzimuzip$
    13 ^nimadu/*nimadu$
    13 ^nanguaq/*nanguaq$
    12 ^penulat/*penulat$
    12 ^keman/*keman$
    12 ^kacauan/*kacauan$

coverage: 1274 / 2441 (~0.52191724702990577632) remaining unknown forms: 1167 ambiguity: 2587 / 2441 (~1.05981155264235968865) pwn.bible Fri May 5 01:30:08 PM EDT 2023 1274/2441 ~0.52191724702990577632 \| 2587/2441 ~1.05981155264235968865

Number of tokens:

• Full: 128648
• wiki: 122527
• Genesis: 2441
• Textbook: 9106

clefairy[ling073-pwn]$ lexd -x apertium-pwn.pwn.lexd > /dev/null Lexicons: 37 Lexicon entries: 370 Patterns: 12 Pattern entries: 24

Counts for individual lexicons: Punctuation: 22 MarkerCase: 3 CaseMarkerRoot: 5 ConjuntionPrefix: 1 PronounCase: 3 PronounRoot: 7 LocativeAffix: 1 AdverbRoot: 2 GenCliticPronoun: 5 VerbPrefix: 4 VerbRoot: 14 VerbSuffix: 2 NomCliticPronoun: 5 Link: 1 NounRoot: 107 ProperNounRoot: 149 BeHaveRoot: 1 NumberRoot: 10 PrepositionRoot: 1 Tens: 1 NumberAnd: 1 SayRoot: 1 Infix: 2 Numeral: 10 All anonymous lexicons: 12

Developed Resources

• Paiwan Transducer: https://github.com/erchalfoun/ling073-pwn
• Spreadsheet of Paiwan words by dialect from Klokah (in progress, very preliminary): https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16waihA1bvzvOVU87oQg3XJUs-58o1DVCFpZX_W4odGY/edit?usp=sharing

External Resources

Primary Sources, Dictionaries, Textbooks, etc.

• Paiwan Wikipedia: https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/sitjumaq_na_sapitj
• Paiwan Textbook Ebooks: https://alilin.cip.gov.tw/tw/ebooks?tag=610&search_type=3&home_cat=0&button=&keyword=&cat=&zone=&city=0&area=
• Ferrell, Raleigh. 1982. Paiwan Dictionary. Canberra A.C.T. Australia: Dept. of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies Australian National University. [1]
• 鄭仲樺, 曹永春編著 鄭仲樺 editor and 曹永春 曹永春. 2019. 排灣語丹路方言分類詞彙手冊 = Binutangluan a Kai : A Handbook of Classified Vocabulary of Paiwan Butanglu Dialect. Chu ban ed. Pingdong Shi: 屏東縣政府.[2]
• 鄭仲樺, 洪阿蘭 et al. 2019. 排灣語筏灣方言分類詞彙手冊 = Pinaiwanan Nua Sepaiwan a Kai a Pinapapangapangaljan a Sunatj : A Handbook of Classified Vocabulary of Paiwan Kapaiwanan Dialect. Chu ban ed. Pingdong Shi: 屏東縣政府.[3]
• Early, Robert, John Whitehorn and Australian National University. 2003. One Hundred Paiwan Texts. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University.

Linguistics Writings & Publications

• Chang Anna Hsiou-chuan. 2006. “A Reference Grammar of Paiwan.” dissertation.
• Hsieh Fuhui. 2016. “On the Development of the Lexeme Aya in Paiwan.” Oceanic Linguistics 225–45.
• Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan and Chun-Ming Wu. 2012. “Conjunctive Reduction Revisited: Evidence from Mayrinax Atayal and Southern Paiwan.” Oceanic Linguistics 160–81.
• Hsieh Fuhui. 2011. “The Conceptualization of Emotion Events in Three Formosan Languages: Kavalan Paiwan and Saisiyat.” Oceanic Linguistics 65–92.
• Lee Amy Pei-jung. 2011. “Metaphorical Euphemisms of Relationship and Death in Kavalan Paiwan and Seediq.” Oceanic Linguistics 351–79.
• Zeitoun, Elizabeth, Lillian M. Huang, Marie M. Yeh, Anna H. Chang, and Joy J. Wu. 1996. “The Temporal Aspectual and Modal Systems of Some Formosan Languages: A Typological Perspective.” Oceanic Linguistics 21–56.
• http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/26100
• Tryon Darrell T. 2011. Comparative Austronesian Dictionary : An Introduction to Austronesian Studies. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Retrieved May 6 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110884012).

Other

• http://www.language-archives.org/language/pwn
• https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pwn/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiwan_language