Difference between revisions of "Plattdüütsch/Grammar"
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==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
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| − | + | ===Regular Plurals=== | |
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| − | ===Regular | ||
| + | '''-er''' | ||
| + | ey, eyer ("eggs") | ||
| + | kind, kinder ("children") | ||
| + | veld, velder ("fields") | ||
| + | kalf, kalver ("calves") | ||
| + | '''-en''' | ||
| + | see, seen ("lakes") | ||
| + | daal, dalen ("valleys") | ||
| + | ring, ringen ("rings") | ||
| + | knecht, knechten ("servant") | ||
| + | '''-s''' | ||
| + | morgen, morgens ("mornings") | ||
| + | engel, engels ("angels") | ||
| + | penning, pennings ("pennies") | ||
| + | vader, vaders ("fathers") | ||
| + | '''-e''' | ||
| + | dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days") | ||
| + | '''Umlaut''' | ||
| + | boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees") | ||
| + | hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks") | ||
| + | smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths") | ||
| + | wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves") | ||
| + | '''Umlaut + -er''' | ||
| + | dorp, dörper ("villages") | ||
| + | land, lender ("lands") | ||
| + | book, boeker ("books") | ||
| + | '''Umlaut + -e''' | ||
| + | wald, welde ("forests") | ||
| + | stad, stêde ("cities") | ||
| + | '''Umlaut + loss of final d''' | ||
| + | hand, hen ("hands") | ||
| + | band, ben ("bands") | ||
| + | hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form) | ||
| + | '''No change''' | ||
| + | wapen, wapen ("coats of arms") | ||
| + | swyn, swyn ("pigs") | ||
| + | knee, knee ("knees") | ||
===Irregular Nouns=== | ===Irregular Nouns=== | ||
Revision as of 17:02, 20 February 2025
Contents
Parts of Speech
Verbs
Person
Tense
Number=
Nouns
Regular Plurals
-er ey, eyer ("eggs") kind, kinder ("children") veld, velder ("fields") kalf, kalver ("calves") -en see, seen ("lakes") daal, dalen ("valleys") ring, ringen ("rings") knecht, knechten ("servant") -s morgen, morgens ("mornings") engel, engels ("angels") penning, pennings ("pennies") vader, vaders ("fathers") -e dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days") Umlaut boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees") hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks") smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths") wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves") Umlaut + -er dorp, dörper ("villages") land, lender ("lands") book, boeker ("books") Umlaut + -e wald, welde ("forests") stad, stêde ("cities") Umlaut + loss of final d hand, hen ("hands") band, ben ("bands") hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form) No change wapen, wapen ("coats of arms") swyn, swyn ("pigs") knee, knee ("knees")
Irregular Nouns
Adjectives
Regular Adjectives
| m | f | n |
|---|---|---|
| -en (sing.), -e (pl.) | -e | - |
| m | f | n | pl |
|---|---|---|---|
| -e (nom.), -en (obl.) | -e | -e | -en |
Irregular Adjectives
Pronouns
| 1st sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg | 2nd pl | 3rd sg | 3rd pl (and 2nd formal) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ik | wi | du | ji | he (m), se (f), it (n) | se |
| Obl. | mi | us | di | ju | em, er, it | em |
Determiners
| m | f/pl | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | de | de | dat |
| Acc. | (d)en | de | (d)en |
| Dat. | (d)en | de | dat |
In Plattdüütsch determiners take on gender and case markings, as can be seen in the table above. In the examples below we can see how we handle dative.
- de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ den
- de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat
In the following we can see that Plattdüütsch uses a 'vun'+nomDet form for genitive clauses.
- de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun den
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><m><gen><pl> ↔ vun de
Accusative:
- de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de
Plurals:
- de<det><m><acc><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><nt><dat><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><f><nom><pl> ↔ de
In the chart below we can see what every variation of this looks like in Plattdüütsch.
| m | f | pl | nt | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | : de<det><m><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><f><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><nom><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><nom><sg> ↔ dat |
| Acc. | : de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><acc><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en |
| Dat. | : de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><dat><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><dat><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat |
| Gen. | : de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><f><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><gd><gen><pl> ↔ vun de | : de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat |
