Difference between revisions of "Plattdüütsch/Grammar"
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'''-er''' | '''-er''' | ||
| + | |||
ey, eyer ("eggs") | ey, eyer ("eggs") | ||
| + | |||
kind, kinder ("children") | kind, kinder ("children") | ||
| + | |||
veld, velder ("fields") | veld, velder ("fields") | ||
| + | |||
kalf, kalver ("calves") | kalf, kalver ("calves") | ||
| + | |||
'''-en''' | '''-en''' | ||
| + | |||
see, seen ("lakes") | see, seen ("lakes") | ||
| + | |||
daal, dalen ("valleys") | daal, dalen ("valleys") | ||
| + | |||
ring, ringen ("rings") | ring, ringen ("rings") | ||
| + | |||
knecht, knechten ("servant") | knecht, knechten ("servant") | ||
| + | |||
'''-s''' | '''-s''' | ||
| + | |||
morgen, morgens ("mornings") | morgen, morgens ("mornings") | ||
| + | |||
engel, engels ("angels") | engel, engels ("angels") | ||
| + | |||
penning, pennings ("pennies") | penning, pennings ("pennies") | ||
| + | |||
vader, vaders ("fathers") | vader, vaders ("fathers") | ||
| + | |||
'''-e''' | '''-e''' | ||
| + | |||
dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days") | dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days") | ||
| + | |||
'''Umlaut''' | '''Umlaut''' | ||
| + | |||
boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees") | boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees") | ||
| + | |||
hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks") | hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks") | ||
| + | |||
smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths") | smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths") | ||
| + | |||
wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves") | wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves") | ||
| + | |||
'''Umlaut + -er''' | '''Umlaut + -er''' | ||
| + | |||
dorp, dörper ("villages") | dorp, dörper ("villages") | ||
| + | |||
land, lender ("lands") | land, lender ("lands") | ||
| + | |||
book, boeker ("books") | book, boeker ("books") | ||
| + | |||
'''Umlaut + -e''' | '''Umlaut + -e''' | ||
| + | |||
wald, welde ("forests") | wald, welde ("forests") | ||
| + | |||
stad, stêde ("cities") | stad, stêde ("cities") | ||
| + | |||
'''Umlaut + loss of final d''' | '''Umlaut + loss of final d''' | ||
| + | |||
hand, hen ("hands") | hand, hen ("hands") | ||
| + | |||
band, ben ("bands") | band, ben ("bands") | ||
| + | |||
hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form) | hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form) | ||
| + | |||
'''No change''' | '''No change''' | ||
| + | |||
wapen, wapen ("coats of arms") | wapen, wapen ("coats of arms") | ||
| + | |||
swyn, swyn ("pigs") | swyn, swyn ("pigs") | ||
| + | |||
knee, knee ("knees") | knee, knee ("knees") | ||
Revision as of 17:03, 20 February 2025
Contents
Parts of Speech
Verbs
Person
Tense
Number=
Nouns
Regular Plurals
-er
ey, eyer ("eggs")
kind, kinder ("children")
veld, velder ("fields")
kalf, kalver ("calves")
-en
see, seen ("lakes")
daal, dalen ("valleys")
ring, ringen ("rings")
knecht, knechten ("servant")
-s
morgen, morgens ("mornings")
engel, engels ("angels")
penning, pennings ("pennies")
vader, vaders ("fathers")
-e
dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days")
Umlaut
boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees")
hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks")
smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths")
wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves")
Umlaut + -er
dorp, dörper ("villages")
land, lender ("lands")
book, boeker ("books")
Umlaut + -e
wald, welde ("forests")
stad, stêde ("cities")
Umlaut + loss of final d
hand, hen ("hands")
band, ben ("bands")
hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form)
No change
wapen, wapen ("coats of arms")
swyn, swyn ("pigs")
knee, knee ("knees")
Irregular Nouns
Adjectives
Regular Adjectives
| m | f | n |
|---|---|---|
| -en (sing.), -e (pl.) | -e | - |
| m | f | n | pl |
|---|---|---|---|
| -e (nom.), -en (obl.) | -e | -e | -en |
Irregular Adjectives
Pronouns
| 1st sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg | 2nd pl | 3rd sg | 3rd pl (and 2nd formal) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ik | wi | du | ji | he (m), se (f), it (n) | se |
| Obl. | mi | us | di | ju | em, er, it | em |
Determiners
| m | f/pl | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | de | de | dat |
| Acc. | (d)en | de | (d)en |
| Dat. | (d)en | de | dat |
In Plattdüütsch determiners take on gender and case markings, as can be seen in the table above. In the examples below we can see how we handle dative.
- de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ den
- de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat
In the following we can see that Plattdüütsch uses a 'vun'+nomDet form for genitive clauses.
- de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun den
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><m><gen><pl> ↔ vun de
Accusative:
- de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de
Plurals:
- de<det><m><acc><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><nt><dat><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><f><nom><pl> ↔ de
In the chart below we can see what every variation of this looks like in Plattdüütsch.
| m | f | pl | nt | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | : de<det><m><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><f><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><nom><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><nom><sg> ↔ dat |
| Acc. | : de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><acc><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en |
| Dat. | : de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><dat><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><dat><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat |
| Gen. | : de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><f><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><gd><gen><pl> ↔ vun de | : de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat |
