Difference between revisions of "Plattdüütsch/Grammar"
(→Pronouns) |
|||
| Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Obl. || mi || us || di || ju || em, er, it || em | | Obl. || mi || us || di || ju || em, er, it || em | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | We can see for the first person pronouns that there are two distinctions to note, oblique-ness and plurality. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+ 1st person Pronoun 'ik' (North Low Saxon) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! !!1st sg. !! 1st pl. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Nom. || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|ik}} || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|wi}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Obl. ||{{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|mi}} || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|us}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:09, 20 February 2025
Contents
Parts of Speech
Verbs
Person
Tense
Number=
Nouns
Plurals
-er
ey, eyer ("eggs")
kind, kinder ("children")
veld, velder ("fields")
kalf, kalver ("calves")
-en
see, seen ("lakes")
daal, dalen ("valleys")
ring, ringen ("rings")
knecht, knechten ("servant")
-s
morgen, morgens ("mornings")
engel, engels ("angels")
penning, pennings ("pennies")
vader, vaders ("fathers")
-e
dag /dax/ - dage /dɔːːɣ/ ("days")
Umlaut
boom /boːm/, boeme /bøːːm/ ("trees")
hals /haɫs/, helse /hɛːːɫz/ ("necks")
smid /smɪt/, smêde /smɛːːd/ ("smiths")
wulf /vʊɫf/, wülve /vʏːːɫv/ ("wolves")
Umlaut + -er
dorp, dörper ("villages")
land, lender ("lands")
book, boeker ("books")
Umlaut + -e
wald, welde ("forests")
stad, stêde ("cities")
Umlaut + loss of final d
hand, hen ("hands")
band, ben ("bands")
hund, hün ("dogs") (attested but rare form)
No change
wapen, wapen ("coats of arms")
swyn, swyn ("pigs")
knee, knee ("knees")
Adjectives
Regular Adjectives
| m | f | n |
|---|---|---|
| -en (sing.), -e (pl.) | -e | - |
| m | f | n | pl |
|---|---|---|---|
| -e (nom.), -en (obl.) | -e | -e | -en |
Irregular Adjectives
Pronouns
| 1st sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg | 2nd pl | 3rd sg | 3rd pl (and 2nd formal) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ik | wi | du | ji | he (m), se (f), it (n) | se |
| Obl. | mi | us | di | ju | em, er, it | em |
We can see for the first person pronouns that there are two distinctions to note, oblique-ness and plurality.
| 1st sg. | 1st pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ik<prn><nom><pers><p1><sg> ↔ ik | ik<prn>}<nom><pers><p1><pl> ↔ wi |
| Obl. | ik<prn><obl><pers><p1><sg> ↔ mi | ik<prn><obl><pers><p1><pl> ↔ us |
Determiners
| m | f/pl | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | de | de | dat |
| Acc. | (d)en | de | (d)en |
| Dat. | (d)en | de | dat |
In Plattdüütsch determiners take on gender and case markings, as can be seen in the table above. In the examples below we can see how we handle dative.
- de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ den
- de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat
In the following we can see that Plattdüütsch uses a 'vun'+nomDet form for genitive clauses.
- de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun den
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat
- de<det><m><gen><pl> ↔ vun de
Accusative:
- de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en
- de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de
Plurals:
- de<det><m><acc><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><nt><dat><pl> ↔ de
- de<det><f><nom><pl> ↔ de
In the chart below we can see what every variation of this looks like in Plattdüütsch.
| m | f | pl | nt | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | : de<det><m><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><f><nom><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><nom><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><nom><sg> ↔ dat |
| Acc. | : de<det><m><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><acc><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><acc><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><acc><sg> ↔ (d)en |
| Dat. | : de<det><m><dat><sg> ↔ (d)en | : de<det><f><dat><sg> ↔ de | : de<det><gd><dat><pl> ↔ de | : de<det><nt><dat><sg> ↔ dat |
| Gen. | : de<det><m><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><f><gen><sg> ↔ vun de | : de<det><gd><gen><pl> ↔ vun de | : de<det><nt><gen><sg> ↔ vun dat |
