Difference between revisions of "Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar"
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* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。|西蒙和他的同伴寻找耶稣。}} (“Simon and his friends looking for Jesus”) | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。|西蒙和他的同伴寻找耶稣。}} (“Simon and his friends looking for Jesus”) | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꑭꂱ{{tag|prn}} ꌋꆀ{{tag|cnj}} ꋍ{{tag|prn}} ꐋꀨ{{tag|n}} ꈧ{{tag|part}} ꑳꌠ{{tag|prn}} ꎹ{{tag|v}} | 西蒙{{tag|prn}} 和{{tag|cnj}} 他{{tag|prn}} 的{{tag|part}} 同伴{{tag|n}} 寻找{{tag|v}} 耶稣{{tag|prn}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꑭꂱ{{tag|prn}} ꌋꆀ{{tag|cnj}} ꋍ{{tag|prn}} ꐋꀨ{{tag|n}} ꈧ{{tag|part}} ꑳꌠ{{tag|prn}} ꎹ{{tag|v}} | 西蒙{{tag|prn}} 和{{tag|cnj}} 他{{tag|prn}} 的{{tag|part}} 同伴{{tag|n}} 寻找{{tag|v}} 耶稣{{tag|prn}}}} | ||
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| + | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꃅꇫꆹꂘꃀꂷꉬ。|木高是个老师。}} (“Simon and his friends looking for Jesus”) | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꃅꇫ{{tag|prn}} ꆹ{{tag|part}} ꂘꃀ{{tag|n}} ꂷ{{tag|cl}} ꉬ{{tag|vblex}} | 木高{{tag|prn}} 是{{tag|vblex}} 个{{tag|cl}} 老师{{tag|n}} } | ||
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4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ. | 4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ. | ||
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。|大家都正在找你。}} (“Everyone is looking for you”) | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。|大家都正在找你。}} (“Everyone is looking for you”) | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉹꁌ{{tag|prn}} ꉬꇮ{{tag|adv}} ꆏ{{tag|prn}} ꎷ{{tag|vblex}} ꐺ{{tag|pr}} ꌐ{{tag|part}}| 大家{{tag|prn}} 都{{tag|adv}} 在{{tag|vblex}} 找{{tag|vblex}} 你{{tag|prn}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉹꁌ{{tag|prn}} ꉬꇮ{{tag|adv}} ꆏ{{tag|prn}} ꎷ{{tag|vblex}} ꐺ{{tag|pr}} ꌐ{{tag|part}}| 大家{{tag|prn}} 都{{tag|adv}} 在{{tag|vblex}} 找{{tag|vblex}} 你{{tag|prn}}}} | ||
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5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't. | 5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't. | ||
Revision as of 20:47, 26 April 2022
Ten Sentences (in the Bible)
1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。
2. 他们立刻丢下网,跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ, ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。
3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。
4. 西蒙和他的同伴寻找耶稣。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。
5. 遇见他时,他对他说:“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ, ꇬꏭ: “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。
6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他,打发他走了, ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ, ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ,
7. 有几个文士坐在那里,心中嘀咕: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ, ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ:
8. “我告诉你,起来!拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ,ꄓꇁ!ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。
9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。
10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。
Differences
1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O
- (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
- (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv> ꇬ<prn> ꏭ<vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) 耶稣<np> 严厉地<adv> 嘱咐<vblex> 他<prn>
2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs
- (iii) ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ → (zho) 几个文士坐在那里 ("Some literates were there")
- (iii) ꁱꂷ<n> ꌤꃅꊿ<n> ꑠ<part> ꈍꑍ<adj> ꑹ<cl> ꀊꄶ<prn> ꇬ<pr> ꑌ<vblex> → (zho) 几个<cl> 文<n> 士<n> 坐<vblex> 在<pr> 那里<prn>
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.
- (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴寻找耶稣。 (“Simon and his friends looking for Jesus”)
- (iii) ꑭꂱ<prn> ꌋꆀ<cnj> ꋍ<prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧ<part> ꑳꌠ<prn> ꎹ<v> → (zho) 西蒙<prn> 和<cnj> 他<prn> 的<part> 同伴<n> 寻找<v> 耶稣<prn>
- (iii) ꃅꇫꆹꂘꃀꂷꉬ。 → (zho) 木高是个老师。 (“Simon and his friends looking for Jesus”)
- {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꃅꇫ<prn> ꆹ<part> ꂘꃀ<n> ꂷ<cl> ꉬ<vblex> | 木高<prn> 是<vblex> 个<cl> 老师<n> }
4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ.
- (iii) ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。 → (zho) 大家都正在找你。 (“Everyone is looking for you”)
- (iii) ꉹꁌ<prn> ꉬꇮ<adv> ꆏ<prn> ꎷ<vblex> ꐺ<pr> ꌐ<part> → (zho) 大家<prn> 都<adv> 在<vblex> 找<vblex> 你<prn>
5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't.
- (iii) ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。 → (zho) 并给他们赶鬼的权柄。 (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”)
- (iii) ꉈꑴ<adv> ꑊꋌ<n> ꈹ<vblex> ꌅꈌ<n> ꄻ<vblex> ꋀ<prn> ꁳ<vblex> → (zho) 并<adv> 给<vblex> 他们<prn> 赶<vblex> 鬼<n> 的<part> 权柄<n>