Difference between revisions of "Wolof/Grammar"
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*ñ- class includes ''nit'' "person", and (speaker dependent) ''jigeén'' "women", ''góor'' "men", ''gaa'' "people" | *ñ- class includes ''nit'' "person", and (speaker dependent) ''jigeén'' "women", ''góor'' "men", ''gaa'' "people" | ||
**other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class | **other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class | ||
| + | *Although the classification system is far from simple, some categories include "liquids (m-class), trees (b-class), fruits (g-class), and family | ||
| + | members, especially those of maternal descent U-c1ass). Although the m-class | ||
| + | contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow | ||
| + | 'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a | ||
| + | great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"<ref c="NOUN CLASSIFICATION IN WOLOF: WHEN AFFIXES ARE NOT RENEWED"></ref> | ||
======examples====== | ======examples====== | ||
Revision as of 15:08, 16 February 2023
Contents
Grammar documentation - Wolof
- General overview of Wolof grammar[1]
- Long academic grammatical description[2]
- Noun classification resource[3]
- Notable characteristics of Wolof Grammar[4]
Parts of Speech
Wolof is an SVO language
- Verbs are static and do not change for tense, aspect, or mood
- Nouns have 10 classes, 8 of which are singular classes and are marked by specific prefixes, and 2 are plural classes also marked by prefixes
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Therefore, plural and singular nouns cannot be distinguished unless they occur in a noun phrase
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Pronouns in Wolof are the most morphologically complex
- separated into five categories: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite[5]
Noun classes
| Singular Classes | Plural Classes |
| k- | ñ- |
| b- | y- |
| g- | |
| j- | |
| l- | |
| m- | |
| s- | |
| w- |
The k- class and it's plural the ñ- class have rigid and exclusive membership. Nouns in this class are:
- k- class includes nit "person", and kef "thing"
- ñ- class includes nit "person", and (speaker dependent) jigeén "women", góor "men", gaa "people"
- other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class
- Although the classification system is far from simple, some categories include "liquids (m-class), trees (b-class), fruits (g-class), and family
members, especially those of maternal descent U-c1ass). Although the m-class
contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow
'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a
great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag;
refs with no name must have content
examples
- noun class examples with determiners
- determiners will always have a prefix based on noun class and cannot exist without a class morpheme (ask about putting eng glossing after the arrows instead since the lemma cannot exist independently)
singular determiners
| nit i<n><sg det> ↔ nit ki | The person |
| tëgg i<n><sg det> ↔ tëgg bi | The blacksmith |
| kër i<n><sg det> ↔ kër gi | The house |
| jigéen i<n><sg det> ↔ jigéen ji | The woman |
| ngunu i<n><sg det> ↔ ngunu li | The chicken coop |
| picc i<n><sg det> ↔ picc mi | The bird |
| ndaw i<n><sg det> ↔ ndaw si | The young woman |
| waasintoor i<n><sg det> ↔ waasintoor wi | The fish scale |
plural determiners
| nit i<n><pl det> ↔ nit ñi | The people |
| kër i<n><pl det> ↔ kër yi | The houses |
Pronominal morphemes
Posessives
- samay yax ak sama suux (wol_output.txt line 73) - samay = my (pl) ; sama = my (sing),
glosses
xeet-am, muy-toj sa-bopp
son.3pPOSS F.crush 2pPOSS.head
Her son will crush your head