Difference between revisions of "Wolof/Grammar"
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|{{morphTest|nit {{tag|n}}{{tag|cl1}}|nit}} || {{morphTest|i {{tag|det}}{{tag|cl1}}{{tag|sg}}|ki}} || The person | |{{morphTest|nit {{tag|n}}{{tag|cl1}}|nit}} || {{morphTest|i {{tag|det}}{{tag|cl1}}{{tag|sg}}|ki}} || The person | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |{{morphTest|tëgg i{{tag| | + | |{{morphTest|tëgg {{tag|n}}{{tag|cl2}}|tëgg}} || {{morphTest|i {{tag|det}}{{tag|cl2}}{{tag|sg}}|bi}} || The blacksmith |
|- | |- | ||
|{{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|kër gi}} || The house | |{{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|kër gi}} || The house | ||
Revision as of 15:24, 16 February 2023
Contents
Grammar documentation - Wolof
- General overview of Wolof grammar[1]
- Long academic grammatical description[2]
- Noun classification resource[3]
- Notable characteristics of Wolof Grammar[4]
- Wolof Grammar Manual[5]
- "Content question words and noun class markers in Wolof: reconstructing a puzzle"[6]
Parts of Speech
Wolof is an SVO language
- Verbs are static and do not change for tense, aspect, or mood
- Nouns have 10 classes, 8 of which are singular classes and are marked by specific prefixes, and 2 are plural classes also marked by prefixes
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Therefore, plural and singular nouns cannot be distinguished unless they occur in a noun phrase
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Pronouns in Wolof are the most morphologically complex
- separated into five categories: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite[7]
Noun classes
| Singular Classes | Plural Classes |
| k- | ñ- |
| b- | y- |
| g- | |
| j- | |
| l- | |
| m- | |
| s- | |
| w- |
The k- class and it's plural the ñ- class have rigid and exclusive membership. Nouns in this class are:
- k- class includes nit "person", and kef "thing"
- ñ- class includes nit "person", and (speaker dependent) jigeén "women", góor "men", gaa "people"
- other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class
- Although the classification system is far from simple, some categories include "liquids (m-class), trees (b-class), fruits (g-class), and family
members, especially those of maternal descent U-c1ass). Although the m-class contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow 'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"[8]
examples
- noun class examples with determiners
- determiners will always have a prefix based on noun class and cannot exist without a class morpheme (ask about putting eng glossing after the arrows instead since the lemma cannot exist independently)
singular determiners
| nit <n><cl1> ↔ nit | i <det><cl1><sg> ↔ ki | The person |
| tëgg <n><cl2> ↔ tëgg | i <det><cl2><sg> ↔ bi | The blacksmith |
| kër i<n><sg det> ↔ kër gi | The house | |
| jigéen i<n><sg det> ↔ jigéen ji | The woman | |
| ngunu i<n><sg det> ↔ ngunu li | The chicken coop | |
| picc i<liquids n><sg det> ↔ picc mi | The bird | |
| ndaw i<diminutive n><sg det> ↔ ndaw si | The young woman | |
| waasintoor i<n><sg det> ↔ waasintoor wi | The fish scale |
plural determiners
| nit i<n><pl det> ↔ nit ñi | The people |
| kër i<n><pl det> ↔ kër yi | The houses |
Pronominal morphemes
Posessives
- samay yax ak sama suux (wol_output.txt line 73) - samay = my (pl) ; sama = my (sing),
glosses
xeet-am, muy-toj sa-bopp
son.3pPOSS F.crush 2pPOSS.head
Her son will crush your head- ↑ Languages Gulper Grammar
- ↑ Wolof: A Grammatical Sketch
- ↑ NOUN CLASSIFICATION IN WOLOF: WHEN AFFIXES ARE NOT RENEWED
- ↑ Peace Corps New Wolof Book
- ↑ Wolof Grammar Manual pdf
- ↑ Content question words and noun class markers in Wolof: reconstructing a puzzle
- ↑ Wolof Morphology
- ↑ NOUN CLASSIFICATION IN WOLOF: WHEN AFFIXES ARE NOT RENEWED
