Difference between revisions of "Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars"

Revision as of 15:19, 14 April 2023

qwh-spa tests

Possession and Reflexivity

There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

• (qwh) Musyayarqan → (spa) Se enteraron ("They found out.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Auxiliary "Ser"

Space to talk about things!

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Subordinate Clauses

Space to talk about things!

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Evidentiality marker: -shI

Huaylas Quechua has a marker -shI which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" ^[1]. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

• (qwh) Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi → (spa) Pero sus padres se enteraron ("But their parents found out")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Word Order

Space to talk about things!

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

The Elusive "Tsë

Space to talk about things!

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>