Difference between revisions of "Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars"
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===Subordinate Clauses=== | ===Subordinate Clauses=== | ||
| − | + | There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''. | |
| + | The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. | ||
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.") | * {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.") | ||
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* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.") | * {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.") | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| − | |||
===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''=== | ===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''=== | ||
Revision as of 15:30, 14 April 2023
Contents
qwh-spa tests
Possession
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).
- (qwh) Marcacunapa reynincuna → (spa) Los reyes de estos imperios ("The kings from these empires.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Papanincuna → (spa) Sus padres ("Their parents")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Auxiliary "Ser"
Space to talk about things!
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Subordinate Clauses
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -pti, -r, and -shpa. The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -pti and -r. One would use -pti when the subject of the subordinate clause doesn’t match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -r when the subject of the subordinate clause does match that of the principal sentence.
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Evidentiality marker: -shI
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -shI which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" [1]. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.
- (qwh) Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi → (spa) Pero sus padres se enteraron ("But their parents found out")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Word Order
Space to talk about things!
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
The Elusive "Tsë
Space to talk about things!
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
