Difference between revisions of "Western Abenaki and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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(→‎Locative)
(→‎Plural Agreement)
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*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|namiha{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|nn}}|see{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} something{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|namiha{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|nn}}|see{{tag|vb}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}} something{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}}}
  
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===Plural Agreement===
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===Definite vs Indefinite Objects===
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Adjectives and verbs must agree with the relevant noun in plurality
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Verbs contain morphology to mark a definite vs indefinite subject
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====Adjective Plurality====
 
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{{comment|This would be important for translation into <code>abe</code>, but it isn't for translation into <code>eng</code> -JNW}}
 
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*pear (elongated apple) → pears (elongated apples)
 
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**kwanogazid<adj> aples<n><aa><sg>
 
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**kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl>
 
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*flat light → flat lights (the northern lights)
 
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**abagigen<adj> wassakw<n><aa><sg>
 
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**abagigenol<adj><pl> wassakol<n><aa><pl>
 
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====Verb Plurality====
 
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{{comment|this is a lot like English, no? -JNW}}
 
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*pears are
 
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**kwanogazijik<adj><pl> aplesak<n><aa><pl> aoak<vb><iv><aa><pl>
 
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*candlelights are present
 
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**wassanmôganihlak<n><aa><pl> aimek<vb><iv><aa><pl>
 
  
 
===First Person Possessive, First Person Subject===
 
===First Person Possessive, First Person Subject===

Revision as of 18:51, 4 May 2023

Animacy

Nouns and verbs are tagged with animacy, and there are different verbs depending on whether the subject/object are animate or inanimate.

Verb Animacy

Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.

  • (abe) beskaaka → (eng) put him aside
    (abe) beskaaka<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> him<prn><pers><aa><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
  • (abe) beskato → (eng) put it aside
    (abe) beskato<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> it<prn><pers><nn><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
  • (abe) namiha → (eng) see someone
    (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> someone<prn><ind><aa><sg><acc>
  • (abe) namito → (eng) see something
    (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> something<prn><ind><nn><sg><acc>

Definite vs Indefinite Objects

Verbs contain morphology to mark a definite vs indefinite subject

First Person Possessive, First Person Subject

In Western Abenaki, the first person possessive marker is a prefixed n’. In English, this is simply the word "my." Similarly, a first person subject is marked on a verb with the same prefixed n’. In English, this is the word "I."

  • N’cape - my coffee
    • ^cape<n><nn><px1sg>/coffee<n><px1sg>$
    • the "my" will be extracted in the Structural Transfer lab
  • n’wlômawaldamen - I believe
    • ^n’wlômawaldamen<vb><tv><nn><s_sg1>/believe<vb>
    • The "I" will also be extracted

Locative

The locative in abe denotes a location or being located at or with something, adding a "place" quality to a noun. In English, this is done through a seperate word like "at", "in," "on," etc, and often with an added determiner

  • (abe) magwaikok → (eng) with the Iroquois
    (abe) magwaikok<n><aa><pl><loc> → (eng) with<pr> the<det><def> Iroquois<n><np><pl>
  • (abe) pkwamipaksek → (eng) in the fridge
    (abe) pkwamipaksek<n><nn><sg><loc> → (eng) in<pr> the<det><def> fridge<n><sg>
  • (abe) akik → (eng) on the land
    (abe) akik<n><nn><sg><loc> → (eng) on<pr> the<det><def> land<n><sg>
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