Difference between revisions of "Western Abenaki and English/Contrastive Grammar"
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===Locative=== | ===Locative=== | ||
| − | The locative in <code>abe</code> denotes a location or being located at or with something, adding a "place" quality to a noun. In English, this is done through a seperate word like "at", "in," "on," etc, | + | The locative in <code>abe</code> denotes a location or being located at or with something, adding a "place" quality to a noun. In English, this is done through a seperate word like "at", "in," "on," etc. Because <code>abe</code> lacks articles, we must add them. |
*{{transferTest|abe|eng|magwaikok|with the Iroquois}} | *{{transferTest|abe|eng|magwaikok|with the Iroquois}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|magwaikok{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|loc}}|with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} Iroquois{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}}{{tag|pl}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|abe|eng|magwaikok{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|loc}}|with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} Iroquois{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
Revision as of 19:12, 4 May 2023
Contents
Animacy
Nouns and verbs are tagged with animacy, and there are different verbs depending on whether the subject/object are animate or inanimate.
Verb Animacy
Verb animacy differs depending on the animacy of the subject and/or object.
- (abe) beskaaka → (eng) put him aside
- (abe) beskaaka<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> him<prn><pers><aa><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
- (abe) beskato → (eng) put it aside
- (abe) beskato<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) put<vb><tv><pres> it<prn><pers><nn><p3><sg><acc> aside<adv>
- (abe) namiha → (eng) see someone
- (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><aa> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> someone<prn><ind><aa><sg><acc>
- (abe) namito → (eng) see something
- (abe) namiha<vb><tv><pres><nn> → (eng) see<vb><tv><pres> something<prn><ind><nn><sg><acc>
Definite vs Indefinite Objects
Verbs contain morphology to mark a definite vs indefinite object, because there are no articles in Western Abenaki.
- (abe) k'milel pilaskw → (eng) I give you a paper
- (abe) k'milel<vb><tv><pres><nn><s_sg1><o_sg2_ind> pilaskw<n><nn><sg> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> give<vb><tv><pres> you<prn><pers><p2><sg><acc> a<art> paper<n><sg>
First Person Possessive, First Person Subject
In Western Abenaki, the first person possessive marker is a prefixed n’. In English, this is simply the word "my." Similarly, a first person subject is marked on a verb with the same prefixed n’. In English, this is the word "I."
- N’cape - my coffee
- ^cape<n><nn><px1sg>/coffee<n><px1sg>$
- the "my" will be extracted in the Structural Transfer lab
- n’wlômawaldamen - I believe
- ^n’wlômawaldamen<vb><tv><nn><s_sg1>/believe<vb>
- The "I" will also be extracted
Locative
The locative in abe denotes a location or being located at or with something, adding a "place" quality to a noun. In English, this is done through a seperate word like "at", "in," "on," etc. Because abe lacks articles, we must add them.
- (abe) magwaikok → (eng) with the Iroquois
- (abe) magwaikok<n><aa><pl><loc> → (eng) with<pr> the<det><def> Iroquois<n><np><pl>
- (abe) pkwamipaksek → (eng) in the fridge
- (abe) pkwamipaksek<n><nn><sg><loc> → (eng) in<pr> the<det><def> fridge<n><sg>
- (abe) akik → (eng) on the land
- (abe) akik<n><nn><sg><loc> → (eng) on<pr> the<det><def> land<n><sg>
