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| − | ==Part-of-speech Categories==
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| − | {|class=wikitable
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| − | ! Symbol !! Gloss !! Notes !! Universal POS
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| − | | <code>n</code> || Noun || ''see 'np' for proper noun'' || NOUN
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| − | | <code>vblex</code> || Standard ("lexical") verb || ''see also: vbser, vbhaver, vbmod, vaux, vbdo'' || VERB
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| − | | <code>v</code> || Standard verb || shortened form of vblex, often used in agglutinative languages || VERB
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| − | | <code>vbmod</code> || Modal verb || || VERB
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| − | | <code>vbser</code> || Verb "to be" || from ''ser'' (to be) || VERB or AUX
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| − | | <code>vbhaver</code> || Verb "to have" || from ''haver'' (to have) || VERB or AUX
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| − | | <code>vbdo</code> || Verb "to do" || "to do" includes all eleven tenses and forms of to do, can also be an auxiliary verb || VERB or AUX
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| − | | <code>vaux</code> || Auxiliary verb || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxilliary_verb wikipedia] || AUX
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| − | | <code>cop</code> || Copula || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics) wikipedia]; sometimes verb-like, sometimes not || AUX
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| − | | <code>adj</code> || Adjective || || ADJ
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| − | | <code>adv</code> || Adverb || || ADV
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| − | | <code>preadv</code> || Pre-adverb || || ADV
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| − | | <code>postadv</code> || Post-adverb || || ADV
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| − | | <code>mod</code> || Modal word || [http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/lingvistic/749] || PART
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| − | | <code>det</code> || Determiner || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner_(class) wikipedia] || DET
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| − | | <code>prn</code> || Pronoun || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun wikipedia] || PRON
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| − | | <code>pr</code> || Preposition || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition wikipedia] || ADP
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| − | | <code>post</code> || Postposition || || ADP
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| − | | <code>num</code> || Numeral || || NUM
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| − | | <code>np</code> || Proper noun || From ''nom propi'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun wikipedia] || PROPN
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| − | | <code>ij</code> || Interjection || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection wikipedia] || INTJ
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| − | | <code>cnjcoo</code> || Co-ordinating conjunction || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-ordinating_conjunction wikipedia] || CCONJ
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| − | | <code>cnjsub</code> || Sub-ordinating conjunction || || SCONJ
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| − | | <code>cnjadv</code> || Conjunctive adverb || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctive_adverb wikipedia] || SCONJ, ADV
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| − | | <code>atp</code> || Attachable prefix || In [[German]], ''zusammen''- ||
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| − | | <code>ideo</code> || Ideophone || ||
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| − | | <code>clt</code> || Clitic || ||
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| − | |}
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| | == Parts of Speech == | | == Parts of Speech == |
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Revision as of 00:27, 22 February 2025
Parts of Speech
Noun
Sometimes mark gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural), either in article or certain suffixes.
Examples:
- Masculine (singular): tchvå<n><m><sg> ↔ tchvå ("horse")
- Masculine (plural): tchvå<n><m><pl> ↔ tchvås ("horses")
- Feminine (singular): båshele<n><f><sg> ↔ båshele
Pronoun
Personal pronouns vary by person, number, gender, and function syntactically (subject, reflexive, object, etc.)
Examples:
- 1st person singular subject: dji<prn><p1><sg> ↔ dji ("I")
- 1st person plural subject: nos<prn><p1><pl> ↔ nos ("we")
- 3rd person singular subject: i<prn><p3><sg> ↔ i ("he/she/it")
Adjective
Show gender and number through -e, -s, with certain extra patterns for endings (-î/-ire, -s/-sse, etc.)
Examples:
- Masculine singular: grand<adj><m><sg> ↔ grand ("tall, big")
- Feminine singular: grand<adj><f><sg> ↔ grande ("tall, big")
- Feminine plural: grand<adj><f><pl> ↔ grandès ("tall, big")
Determinant
Many articles and determiners (definite, indefinite, partitive, etc.)
Examples:
- Indefinite article (masculine singular): on<det><ind><m> ↔ on ("a")
- Indefinite article (feminine singular): ene<det><ind><f> ↔ ene ("a")
- Definite article (plural): les<det><def><pl> ↔ les ("the")
Verb
Conjugated for tense, mood, person, number, etc.
Examples:
- 1st person singular (present): tchanter<v><pres><p1> ↔ tchant-e ("I sing")
- 2nd person singular (present): tchanter<v><pres><p2> ↔ tchant-es ("you sing")
- 3rd person plural (present): tchanter<v><pres><p3> ↔ tchant-èt ("they sing")
