Difference between revisions of "Uyghur/Grammar"
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! this | ! this | ||
| − | | '''{{|بۇ''' | + | | '''{morphTest|بۇ{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|بۇ}}''' |
| '''{{|ماۋۇ''' | | '''{{|ماۋۇ''' | ||
| '''{{|مۇشۇ''' | | '''{{|مۇشۇ''' | ||
Revision as of 17:47, 27 February 2025
Contents
Part of Speech
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Uyghur has one set for first-person and third-person. The second person pronouns comes with 3 sets that depends on the formality and politeness. The inflection of the pronouns depends on the number and cases.
- سەن<prn><pers><p2><sg><infml> ↔ سەن
- سىز<prn><pers><p2><sg><pol> ↔ سىز
- بىز<prn><pers><p3><pl><gen> ↔ بىزنىڭ
These are all examples for the pronouns for the nominative case:
| Cases | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | مەن<prn><pers><p1><nom><sg> ↔ مەن | بىز<prn><pers><p1><nom><pl> ↔ بىز |
| 2nd Person (Polite) | سەن<prn><pers><p2><nom><sg><pol> ↔ سەن | سىلەر<prn><pers><p2><nom><pl><pol> ↔ سىلەر |
| 2nd Person (Informal) | سىز<prn><pers><p2><nom><sg><infml> ↔ سىز | - |
| 2nd Person (Formal) | سىلى<prn><pers><p2><nom><sg><frm> ↔ سىلى | - |
| 3rd Person | ئۇ<prn><pers><p3><nom><sg> ↔ ئۇ | ئۇلار<prn><pers><p3><nom><pl> ↔ ئۇلار |
Demonstrative Pronouns
Uyghur has several demonstrative pronouns that could be use as an emphasis or an intensifiers. The common usage is to refers to the distance from the speaker or the person/thing that is referred to. Demonstrative pronouns' inflection depends on the number and cases.
- مەشە<prn><dem><sg> ↔ مەشە
- ئاۋۇ<prn><dem><sg> ↔ ئاۋۇ
| Meaning | Form | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic | Specific | Familiar | Exact Location | |
| this | بۇ<prn><dem><sg>|بۇ}} | ماۋۇ | مۇشۇ | مەشە |
| that | ئۇ | ئاۋۇ | ئاشۇ | ئەشە |
| that
(distant) |
شۇ | ئەشۇ' | – | – |
Nouns
Uyghur nouns has ten cases which, except for the nominative case, all have suffixation after the possessive or plural suffixes.
| Case | Suffix | kün "day" |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -∅ | كۈن<n><nom><sg> ↔ كۈن |
| genitive | نىڭ | كۈن<n><gen><sg> ↔ كۈننىڭ |
| dative | غا | كۈن<n><dat><sg> ↔ كۈنگە |
| accusative | نى | كۈن<n><acc><sg> ↔ كۈننى |
| locative | دا | كۈن<n><loc><sg> ↔ كۈندە |
| ablative | دىن | كۈن<n><abl><sg> ↔ كۈندىن |
| locative-
qualitative |
دىكى | كۈن<n><loc><attr><sg> ↔ كۈندىكى |
| limitative | -Giche | كۈن<n><lim><sg> ↔ كۈنگىچە |
| similitude | دەك | كۈن<n><sim><sg> ↔ كۈندەك |
| equivalence | -che/chilik | كۈن<n><equ><sg> ↔ كۈنچىلىك |
Possessive Suffixes
Uyghur has possessive suffixes that indicate person. Similarly, the first and third person pronouns has one set each, while the second person has three sets that depends on context.
- ئۆي<n><p2><pos><sg> ↔ ئۆيىڭىز
- ئۆي<n><p2><pos><pl> ↔ ئۆيلىرىڭىز
Plurals
Most Uyghur nouns can be pluralized by adding the suffix لار to the end of the word
- ئۆي<n><nom><pl> ↔ ئۆيلار
- سۆز<n><nom><pl> ↔ سۆزلار
- كۆز<n><nom><pl> ↔ كۆزلار
- باغ<n><nom><pl> ↔ باغلار
Adjective
Degree
There are multiple degrees that could be altered depending on the adjective.
| Name | Affix | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Positive degree | none | كىچىك kichik(small) |
| Decreasing degree | -rAK | كىچىكرەك kichik-rek (a bit small) |
| Emphatic degree | first syllable+p- | كىپكىچىك kip-kichik (extremely small) |
| Endearing degree | -GinA | كىچىككىنە kichik-kine (delightfully small) |
Reduplication
Reduplication is used to a large number of objects of the same type, or that the adjective refers to actions that has a certain quality described by the adjective and it is repeated many times.
- يېڭى<adj><adj> ↔ يېڭى-يېڭى
Nominalization
Sometimes, the adjective could turns into nouns without any alteration.
- سوغۇق <adj> ↔ سوغۇق
