Difference between revisions of "Rungus and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 16:17, 22 April 2025

Word order: Rungus is primarily VSO
Austronesian alignment: the word order in Rungus is [predicate - focused argument - non-focused argument], and the focus marking on the verb determines the thematic role of the focused argument (e.g., if verb is actor focused, then the focused argument is the actor/agent)
- Determiners and pronouns have focused/non-focused forms (tagged nom and acc)
Verbal morphology / aspect: aspect in Rungus is marked as verbal affixes

(drg) Mamanau it ulun → (eng) The person goes
(drg) panau<v><impf><af> it<det><def><nom> ulun<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> person<n><sg> go<vblex><pres><p3><sg>

(drg) Mangagama i tukang do meja → (eng) The workman makes a table
(drg) gama<v><impf><af> i<det><def><nom> tukang<n> do<det><ind><acc> meja<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> workman<n><sg> make<vblex><pres><p3><sg> a<det><ind><sg> table<n><sg>

(drg) Duaton oku dikau → (eng) I am asked by you
(drg) duat<v><pf> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> dikau<prn><pers><p2><sg><acc> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><p1><sg> ask<vblex><pp> by<pr> you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>

(drg) Tinahakan oku do tinggol → (eng) I was given necklaces
(drg) tahak<v><perf><pf><vol> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> do<det><ind><acc> tinggol<n> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><past><p1><sg> given<adj> necklace<n><pl>

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 === Patient focus ===
 * {{transferTest|drg|eng|Duaton oku dikau|I am asked by you}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|panau{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}} oku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} dikau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} |I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} ask{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} by{{tag|pr}} you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} }}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|duat{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}} oku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} dikau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} |I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} ask{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} by{{tag|pr}} you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} }}
 === Beneficiary focus ===