Difference between revisions of "Rungus and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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=== Actor focus === | === Actor focus === | ||
| − | * Actor focus in Rungus is translated into actives in English | + | * Actor focus in Rungus <code>af</code> is translated into actives in English |
* {{transferTest|drg|eng|Mamanau it ulun|The person goes}} | * {{transferTest|drg|eng|Mamanau it ulun|The person goes}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|panau{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|af}} it{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|nom}} ulun{{tag|n}} |the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} person{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} }} | *: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|panau{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|af}} it{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|nom}} ulun{{tag|n}} |the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} person{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} }} | ||
=== Patient focus === | === Patient focus === | ||
| − | * Patient focus in Rungus is translated into passives in English | + | * Patient focus in Rungus <code>pf</code> is translated into passives in English |
* {{transferTest|drg|eng|Duaton oku dikau|I am asked by you}} | * {{transferTest|drg|eng|Duaton oku dikau|I am asked by you}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|duat{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}} oku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} dikau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} |I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} ask{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} by{{tag|pr}} you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} }} | *: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|duat{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}} oku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} dikau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} |I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} ask{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} by{{tag|pr}} you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} }} | ||
Revision as of 16:35, 24 April 2025
Contents
Word order
- Rungus is VSO whereas English is SVO
- (drg) Momobog ko dialo → (eng) You hit him
- (drg) bobog<v><impf><af> oku<prn><pers><p2><sg><nom> dialo<prn><pers><p3><sg><acc> → (eng) you<prn><pers><subj><p2><mf><sg> hit<vblex><pres> him<prn><pers><obj><p3><m><sg>
Determiner agreement
- (drg) Mangagama i tukang do meja → (eng) The workman makes a table
- (drg) gama<v><impf><af> i<det><def><nom> tukang<n> do<det><ind><acc> meja<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> workman<n><sg> make<vblex><pres><p3><sg> a<det><ind><sg> table<n><sg>
Focus morphology
Actor focus
- Actor focus in Rungus
afis translated into actives in English - (drg) Mamanau it ulun → (eng) The person goes
- (drg) panau<v><impf><af> it<det><def><nom> ulun<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> person<n><sg> go<vblex><pres><p3><sg>
Patient focus
- Patient focus in Rungus
pfis translated into passives in English - (drg) Duaton oku dikau → (eng) I am asked by you
- (drg) duat<v><pf> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> dikau<prn><pers><p2><sg><acc> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><p1><sg> ask<vblex><pp> by<pr> you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>
Beneficiary focus
- (drg) Tinahakan oku do tinggol → (eng) I was given necklaces
- (drg) tahak<v><perf><pf><vol> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> do<det><ind><acc> tinggol<n> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><past><p1><sg> given<adj> necklace<n><pl>
