Difference between revisions of "Okinawan/Grammar"
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* {{morphTest|ゆむん{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|neg}}|ゆむな}} | * {{morphTest|ゆむん{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|neg}}|ゆむな}} | ||
| − | == Gerundization | + | == Gerundization == |
| − | Verbs can be made into nouns by affixing | + | Verbs can be made into nouns by affixing «やあ» to the verb stem. To represent this, |
the {{tag|ger}} tag is used. | the {{tag|ger}} tag is used. | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
* {{morphTest|もおいん{{tag|v}}{{tag|ger}}|もおやあ}} | * {{morphTest|もおいん{{tag|v}}{{tag|ger}}|もおやあ}} | ||
* {{morphTest|かちゅん{{tag|v}}{{tag|ger}}|かやあ}} | * {{morphTest|かちゅん{{tag|v}}{{tag|ger}}|かやあ}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Basic Nominal Morphology == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Nominals are not inflected in Okinawan, and are strictly derivational. Their derivational suffixes are added to noun stems in order to bestow different kinds of extraneous meaning. Nominals are tagged with {{tag|nom}}. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Diminutive === | ||
| + | Attaches to noun stems, diminishing it. The same suffix is used regardless of animacy. The {{tag|dim}} tag can be added to nominals to produce this effect. | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|んかじ{{tag|nom}}{{tag|dim}}|んかじぐぁあ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|くすい{{tag|nom}}{{tag|dim}}|くすいぐぁあ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|わあび{{tag|nom}}{{tag|dim}}|わあびぐぁあ}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Plural === | ||
| + | Plurality can be assigned to norminals with «たあ» and «んさあ» suffixies. We use the {{tag|pl}} tag for this. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{morphTest|ぱあぱ{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|ぱあぱたあ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|くぁ{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|くぁんさあ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|せんせえ{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|せんせえたあ}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Mood and modality === | ||
| + | |||
| + | While mood is covered by finite inflection, several final clitics relate conversational qualities, such as emphasis and confirmation. | ||
| + | The {{tag|dsc}} tag is used to mark this. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{morphTest|にやとぅん{{tag|v}}{{tag|dsc}}|にやとぅんはじ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|かくん{{tag|v}}{{tag|dsc}}|かくんはじ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ぷみいん{{tag|v}}{{tag|dsc}}|ぷみいんばあ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ぬぶゆん{{tag|v}}{{tag|dsc}}|ぬぶゆんばあて}} | ||
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] | [[Category:Grammar documentation]] | ||
Revision as of 09:47, 20 February 2017
Contents
Basic verbal morphology
Verbs in Okinawan should be tagged <v>. Note that because the difference between present and future in Okinawan is strictly contextual, tags that refer to the "present" actually refer to the "non-past". Furthermore, verbs have three major classes:
- Regular 1: verbs with the «うん» ending, such as «あっくん», «かむん» etc
- Regular 2: verbs with the «いん» ending, such as «うりん», «きいん» etc
- Iregular: «すん», «すん» etc
Verbs have three tenses/inflections: Indicative, Intentional, and Imperative. These are represented by the tags <pri>, <int>, and <imp>. Additionally, Indicative verbs can be tagged as either past <pri> or non-past <pres>. Finally, any of these other than the Intentional can be negated using the <neg> tag.
«ゆむん» (read) is a Regular1 verb:
- ゆむん<v><ind><pres> ↔ ゆむん
- ゆむん<v><ind><pres><neg> ↔ ゆまん
- ゆむん<v><ind><past> ↔ ゆまん
- ゆむん<v><ind><past><neg> ↔ ゆまんた
- ゆむん<v><int> ↔ ゆま
- ゆむん<v><imp><neg> ↔ ゆむな
Gerundization
Verbs can be made into nouns by affixing «やあ» to the verb stem. To represent this, the <ger> tag is used.
- ないん<v><ger> ↔ なやあ
- もおいん<v><ger> ↔ もおやあ
- かちゅん<v><ger> ↔ かやあ
Basic Nominal Morphology
Nominals are not inflected in Okinawan, and are strictly derivational. Their derivational suffixes are added to noun stems in order to bestow different kinds of extraneous meaning. Nominals are tagged with <nom>.
Diminutive
Attaches to noun stems, diminishing it. The same suffix is used regardless of animacy. The <dim> tag can be added to nominals to produce this effect.
- んかじ<nom><dim> ↔ んかじぐぁあ
- くすい<nom><dim> ↔ くすいぐぁあ
- わあび<nom><dim> ↔ わあびぐぁあ
Plural
Plurality can be assigned to norminals with «たあ» and «んさあ» suffixies. We use the <pl> tag for this.
- ぱあぱ<nom><pl> ↔ ぱあぱたあ
- くぁ<nom><pl> ↔ くぁんさあ
- せんせえ<nom><pl> ↔ せんせえたあ
Mood and modality =
While mood is covered by finite inflection, several final clitics relate conversational qualities, such as emphasis and confirmation. The <dsc> tag is used to mark this.
- にやとぅん<v><dsc> ↔ にやとぅんはじ
- かくん<v><dsc> ↔ かくんはじ
- ぷみいん<v><dsc> ↔ ぷみいんばあ
- ぬぶゆん<v><dsc> ↔ ぬぶゆんばあて
