Difference between revisions of "Khasi and Wôpanâak/ContrastiveGrammars"
From LING073
(→Differences in Grammar) |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
=Differences in Grammar= | =Differences in Grammar= | ||
Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | ||
| − | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v>'''<aa>'''<tv>< | + | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v>'''<aa>'''<tv><p3><sg><create> |
* Khasi: thaw<v><create> | * Khasi: thaw<v><create> | ||
Wôpanâak has a transitive/intransitive distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | Wôpanâak has a transitive/intransitive distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | ||
| − | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa>'''<tv>'''< | + | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa>'''<tv>'''<p3><sg><create> |
* Khasi: thaw<v><create> | * Khasi: thaw<v><create> | ||
Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not | Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not | ||
| − | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv>'''< | + | * Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv>'''<p3><sg>'''<create> |
* Khasi: thaw<v><create> | * Khasi: thaw<v><create> | ||
Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle | Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
* Khasi: '''la<past marker>''' long<v><be> | * Khasi: '''la<past marker>''' long<v><be> | ||
Wôpanâak is VSO while Khasi is SVO | Wôpanâak is VSO while Khasi is SVO | ||
| − | * Wôpanâak: ayum'''<v>'''<aa><tv>< | + | * Wôpanâak: ayum'''<v>'''<aa><tv><p3><sg><create> God'''<n>'''<aa><sg> keesuk'''<n>'''<nn><sg><heaven> kah<conj><and> ahkee'''<n>'''<nn><sg><earth> |
* Khasi: U<art><m><sg> Blei <‘God’>'''<n>''' u<art><m><sg> la<past><particle> thaw<‘create’>'''<v>''' ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<‘heavens’>'''<n>''' bad<‘and’><conj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<‘earths’>'''<n>'''. | * Khasi: U<art><m><sg> Blei <‘God’>'''<n>''' u<art><m><sg> la<past><particle> thaw<‘create’>'''<v>''' ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<‘heavens’>'''<n>''' bad<‘and’><conj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<‘earths’>'''<n>'''. | ||
''' | ''' | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
{{transferTest|kha|wam|U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew|ayum God keesuk kah ahkee}} | {{transferTest|kha|wam|U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew|ayum God keesuk kah ahkee}} | ||
| − | {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} la{{tag|pastPar}} thaw{{tag|v}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} bneng{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} khyndew{{tag|n}}|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag| | + | {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} la{{tag|pastPar}} thaw{{tag|v}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} bneng{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} khyndew{{tag|n}}|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} God{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}} keesuk{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}} kah{{tag|coocnj}} ahkee{{tag|n}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
*English gloss: God created heaven and earth | *English gloss: God created heaven and earth | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
{{transferTest|kha|wam|U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long|nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai}} | {{transferTest|kha|wam|U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long|nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai}} | ||
| − | {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} u{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} ong{{tag|v}} to{{tag|imp}}{{tag|v}} long{{tag|v}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} long{{tag|v}}|nȣwau{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag| | + | {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} u{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} ong{{tag|v}} to{{tag|imp}}{{tag|v}} long{{tag|v}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} long{{tag|v}}|nȣwau{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} God{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}} wequaiach{{tag|v}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} kah{{tag|coocnj}} mô{{tag|v}}{{tag|indef}}{{tag|past}} wequai{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
*English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was. | *English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
{{transferTest|wam|kha|ayum God keesuk kah ahkee|U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew}} | {{transferTest|wam|kha|ayum God keesuk kah ahkee|U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew}} | ||
| − | {{transferMorphTest|wam|kha|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag| | + | {{transferMorphTest|wam|kha|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} God{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}} keesuk{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}} kah{{tag|coocnj}} ahkee{{tag|n}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} la{{tag|pastPar}} thaw{{tag|v}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} bneng{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ia{{tag|dirObj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} khyndew{{tag|n}}}} |
*English gloss: God created heaven and earth | *English gloss: God created heaven and earth | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
{{transferTest|wam|kha|nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai|U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long}} | {{transferTest|wam|kha|nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai|U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long}} | ||
| − | {{transferMorphTest|wam|kha|nȣwau{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag| | + | {{transferMorphTest|wam|kha|nȣwau{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} God{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}} wequaiach{{tag|v}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} kah{{tag|coocnj}} mô{{tag|v}}{{tag|indef}}{{tag|past}} wequai{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} u{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} ong{{tag|v}} to{{tag|imp}}{{tag|v}} long{{tag|v}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} long{{tag|v}}}} |
*English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was. | *English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was. | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 21 March 2017
Differences in Grammar
Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not
- Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg><create>
- Khasi: thaw<v><create>
Wôpanâak has a transitive/intransitive distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not
- Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg><create>
- Khasi: thaw<v><create>
Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not
- Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg><create>
- Khasi: thaw<v><create>
Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle
- Wôpanâak: mô<v><indef><past>
- Khasi: la<past marker> long<v><be>
Wôpanâak is VSO while Khasi is SVO
- Wôpanâak: ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg><create> God<n><aa><sg> keesuk<n><nn><sg><heaven> kah<conj><and> ahkee<n><nn><sg><earth>
- Khasi: U<art><m><sg> Blei <‘God’><n> u<art><m><sg> la<past><particle> thaw<‘create’><v> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<‘heavens’><n> bad<‘and’><conj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<‘earths’><n>.
Kha-Wam tests
(kha) U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew → (wam) ayum God keesuk kah ahkee
(kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> la<pastPar> thaw<v> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<n> bad<coocnj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<n> → (wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> keesuk<n><nn><sg> kah<coocnj> ahkee<n><n><sg>
- English gloss: God created heaven and earth
(kha) U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long → (wam) nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai
(kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> u<art><m><sg> la<pastPar> ong<v> to<imp><v> long<v> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> bad<coocnj> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> ka<art><f><sg> la<pastPar> long<v> → (wam) nȣwau<v><aa><iv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> wequaiach<v><nn><imp><p3><sg> kah<coocnj> mô<v><indef><past> wequai<n><nn><sg>
- English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was.
- NOTE: we only need two tests to demonstrate all five of our contrasting grammar points
Wam-Kha tests
(wam) ayum God keesuk kah ahkee → (kha) U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew
(wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> keesuk<n><nn><sg> kah<coocnj> ahkee<n><n><sg> → (kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> la<pastPar> thaw<v> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<n> bad<coocnj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<n>
- English gloss: God created heaven and earth
(wam) nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai → (kha) U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long
(wam) nȣwau<v><aa><iv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> wequaiach<v><nn><imp><p3><sg> kah<coocnj> mô<v><indef><past> wequai<n><nn><sg>U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> u<art><m><sg> la<pastPar> ong<v> to<imp><v> long<v> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> bad<coocnj> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> ka<art><f><sg> la<pastPar> long<v> → (kha) {{{4}}}
- English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was.
- NOTE: we only need two tests to demonstrate all five of our contrasting grammar points
