Difference between revisions of "Wamesa and Tongan/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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===Present Tense=== | ===Present Tense=== | ||
| − | We (dual) are happy. | + | '''We (dual) are happy.''' |
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ma fiefia|tusanevesie}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ma fiefia|tusanevesie}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}} |tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}} |tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}}} | ||
===Sentence structure (VSO vs SVO)=== | ===Sentence structure (VSO vs SVO)=== | ||
| − | She is not sick. | + | '''She is not sick.''' |
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke|piota va}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke|piota va}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|adj}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}} |piota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|adj}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}} |piota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}}} | ||
===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ||
| − | They (human) are all happy. | + | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. |
| + | '''They (human) are all happy.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu|setisanevesie}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu|setisanevesie}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} kotoa{{tag|adj}} pē{{tag|}} kinautolu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|postd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} kotoa{{tag|adj}} pē{{tag|}} kinautolu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|postd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}}} | ||
===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ||
| − | My pig. (My cherished pig). | + | '''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' |
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} | ||
===Noun Pluralization=== | ===Noun Pluralization=== | ||
| − | The dogs are sick. | + | '''The dogs are sick.''' |
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli|wonapasiat sipota}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli|wonapasiat sipota}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} sick{{tag|adj}} e{{tag|adj}}{{tag|def}} fanga{{tag|cl}}{{tag|pl}} kuli{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} |wonapasiat{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} sipota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nohum}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} sick{{tag|adj}} e{{tag|adj}}{{tag|def}} fanga{{tag|cl}}{{tag|pl}} kuli{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} |wonapasiat{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} sipota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nohum}}}} | ||
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===Present Tense=== | ===Present Tense=== | ||
| − | We (dual) are happy. | + | '''We (dual) are happy.''' |
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie|ʻoku ma fiefia}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie|ʻoku ma fiefia}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}}}} | ||
===Sentence structure (SVO vs VSO)=== | ===Sentence structure (SVO vs VSO)=== | ||
| − | She is not sick. | + | '''She is not sick.''' |
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|piota va|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|piota va|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|piota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|adj}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|piota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|adj}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}}}} | ||
===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ||
| − | They (human) are all happy. | + | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. |
| + | '''They (human) are all happy.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie|ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie|ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} kotoa{{tag|adj}} pē{{tag|}} kinautolu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|postd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} kotoa{{tag|adj}} pē{{tag|}} kinautolu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|postd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ||
| − | My pig. (My cherished pig). | + | '''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' |
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|pimunapat|siʻaku puaka}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|pimunapat|siʻaku puaka}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
===Noun Pluralization=== | ===Noun Pluralization=== | ||
| − | The dogs are sick. | + | '''The dogs are sick.''' |
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat sipota|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat sipota|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} sipota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nohum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} sick{{tag|adj}} e{{tag|adj}}{{tag|def}} fanga{{tag|cl}}{{tag|pl}} kuli{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} sipota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nohum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} sick{{tag|adj}} e{{tag|adj}}{{tag|def}} fanga{{tag|cl}}{{tag|pl}} kuli{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
Revision as of 16:04, 21 March 2017
Contents
ton-wad tests
Present Tense
We (dual) are happy.
- (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia → (wad) tusanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj> → (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl>
Sentence structure (VSO vs SVO)
She is not sick.
- (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke → (wad) piota va
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ʻikai<adj> ke<prn><prepd><p2><sg> puke<adj> → (wad) piota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. They (human) are all happy.
- (ton) ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu → (wad) setisanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> kotoa<adj> pē<> kinautolu<prn><postd><p3><pl> → (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (ton) siʻaku puaka → (wad) pimunapat
- (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><emotional> puaka<n><sg> → (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss>
Noun Pluralization
The dogs are sick.
- (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli → (wad) wonapasiat sipota
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl> → (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum>
wad-ton tests
Present Tense
We (dual) are happy.
- (wad) tusanevesie → (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia
- (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj>
Sentence structure (SVO vs VSO)
She is not sick.
- (wad) piota va → (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke
- (wad) piota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ʻikai<adj> ke<prn><prepd><p2><sg> puke<adj>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. They (human) are all happy.
- (wad) setisanevesie → (ton) ʻoku nau lata kotoa pē kinautolu
- (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> kotoa<adj> pē<> kinautolu<prn><postd><p3><pl>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (wad) pimunapat → (ton) siʻaku puaka
- (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss> → (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><emotional> puaka<n><sg>
Noun Pluralization
The dogs are sick.
- (wad) wonapasiat sipota → (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli
- (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl>
