Difference between revisions of "Khasi and Wôpanâak/ContrastiveGrammars"
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=Differences in Grammar= | =Differences in Grammar= | ||
Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not | ||
| − | * | + | * {{transferTest|kha|wam|thaw|ayum}} |
| − | + | * {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|thaw{{tag|v}}|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}} | |
| − | Wôpanâak | + | Wôpanâak does not have articles, while Khasi does |
| − | * | + | * {{transferTest|kha|wam|ka bneng|keesuk}} |
| − | * | + | * {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} bneng{{tag|n}}|keesuk{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not | Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not | ||
| − | * | + | * {{transferTest|kha|wam|thaw|ayum}} |
| − | + | * {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|thaw{{tag|v}}|ayum{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}} | |
Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle | Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle | ||
| − | * | + | * {{transferTest|kha|wam|la long|mô}} |
| − | * | + | * {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|la{{tag|pastPar}} long{{tag|v}}|mô{{tag|v}}{{tag|indef}}{{tag|past}}}} |
| − | Wôpanâak is VSO | + | Khasi is SVO, while word order in Wôpanâak is somewhat arbitrary (and somewhat VSO) |
| − | * | + | * {{transferTest|kha|wam|U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long|nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai}} |
| − | * | + | * {{transferMorphTest|kha|wam|U{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} Blei{{tag|n}} u{{tag|art}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} ong{{tag|v}} to{{tag|imp}}{{tag|v}} long{{tag|v}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} bad{{tag|coocnj}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} jingshai{{tag|n}} ka{{tag|art}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} la{{tag|pastPar}} long{{tag|v}}|nȣwau{{tag|v}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} God{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}} wequaiach{{tag|v}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} kah{{tag|coocnj}} mô{{tag|v}}{{tag|indef}}{{tag|past}} wequai{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
| − | |||
== Kha-Wam tests == | == Kha-Wam tests == | ||
Revision as of 16:07, 21 March 2017
Differences in Grammar
Wôpanâak has an animate/inanimate distinction for verbs, while Khasi does not
- (kha) thaw → (wam) ayum
- (kha) thaw<v> → (wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg>
Wôpanâak does not have articles, while Khasi does
- (kha) ka bneng → (wam) keesuk
- (kha) ka<art><f><sg> bneng<n> → (wam) keesuk<n><nn><sg>
Wôpanâak has morphology determining person and number for verbs, while Khasi does not
- (kha) thaw → (wam) ayum
- (kha) thaw<v> → (wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg>
Wôpanâak has morphology determining tense, while Khasi has a separate particle
- (kha) la long → (wam) mô
- (kha) la<pastPar> long<v> → (wam) mô<v><indef><past>
Khasi is SVO, while word order in Wôpanâak is somewhat arbitrary (and somewhat VSO)
- (kha) U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long → (wam) nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai
- (kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> u<art><m><sg> la<pastPar> ong<v> to<imp><v> long<v> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> bad<coocnj> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> ka<art><f><sg> la<pastPar> long<v> → (wam) nȣwau<v><aa><iv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> wequaiach<v><nn><imp><p3><sg> kah<coocnj> mô<v><indef><past> wequai<n><nn><sg>
Kha-Wam tests
(kha) U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew → (wam) ayum God keesuk kah ahkee
(kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> la<pastPar> thaw<v> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<n> bad<coocnj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<n> → (wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> keesuk<n><nn><sg> kah<coocnj> ahkee<n><n><sg>
- English gloss: God created heaven and earth
(kha) U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long → (wam) nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai
(kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> u<art><m><sg> la<pastPar> ong<v> to<imp><v> long<v> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> bad<coocnj> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> ka<art><f><sg> la<pastPar> long<v> → (wam) nȣwau<v><aa><iv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> wequaiach<v><nn><imp><p3><sg> kah<coocnj> mô<v><indef><past> wequai<n><nn><sg>
- English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was.
- NOTE: we only need two tests to demonstrate all five of our contrasting grammar points
Wam-Kha tests
(wam) ayum God keesuk kah ahkee → (kha) U Blei la thaw ia ka bneng bad ia ka khyndew
(wam) ayum<v><aa><tv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> keesuk<n><nn><sg> kah<coocnj> ahkee<n><n><sg> → (kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> la<pastPar> thaw<v> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> bneng<n> bad<coocnj> ia<dirObj> ka<art><f><sg> khyndew<n>
- English gloss: God created heaven and earth
(wam) nȣwau God wequaiach kah mô wequai → (kha) U Blei u la ong, to long ka jingshai, bad ka jingshai ka la long
(wam) nȣwau<v><aa><iv><p3><sg> God<n><aa><sg> wequaiach<v><nn><imp><p3><sg> kah<coocnj> mô<v><indef><past> wequai<n><nn><sg> → (kha) U<art><m><sg> Blei<n> u<art><m><sg> la<pastPar> ong<v> to<imp><v> long<v> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> bad<coocnj> ka<art><f><sg> jingshai<n> ka<art><f><sg> la<pastPar> long<v>
- English gloss: God said, “Let [there] be light,” and light was.
- NOTE: we only need two tests to demonstrate all five of our contrasting grammar points
