Difference between revisions of "Lingala/Universal Dependencies"
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
==Dependency Relations== | ==Dependency Relations== | ||
| − | + | Examples of dependency relations are shown below. Note that Lingala has some odd constructions with nouns and verbs that can allow them to function as if they were a different part of speech, so sometimes a certain dependency might seem to correspond to an otherwise incompatible part of speech. | |
| − | === | + | |
| + | ===ccomp=== | ||
| + | The ccomp relation is used in the manner described in the UD documentation: it denotes a clause relating to a main verb that is a core argument. This comes up very frequently in the Book of Mormon corpus that was being used for annotations, since the construction "It came to pass that..." is used quite frequently. The verb following "that" has a ccomp dependency to "came." | ||
| + | |||
| + | For a basic example, consider the following partial sentence: | ||
| + | <pre> | ||
| + | "<Mpe>" | ||
| + | "mpé" cngcoo @cc #1->2 | ||
| + | "<esalemaki>" | ||
| + | "kosalema" v urp p3 sp nn @root #2->0 | ||
| + | "<ete>" | ||
| + | "ete" cnjsub @mark #3->4 | ||
| + | "<azongaki>" | ||
| + | "kozónga" v urp p3 sg aa @ccomp #4->2 | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
| + | |||
| + | This is translated "It came to pass that he returned..." Here, "returned" has a ccomp dependency to "came." For a slightly more complicated example, consider the following excerpt: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <pre> | ||
| + | "<Mpe>" | ||
| + | "mpé" cngcoo @cc #1->2 | ||
| + | "<esalemaki>" | ||
| + | "kosalema" v urp p3 sp nn @root #2->0 | ||
| + | "<ete>" | ||
| + | "ete" cnjsub @mark #3->8 | ||
| + | "<bo>" | ||
| + | "bó" cnjsub @mark #4->5 | ||
| + | "<etangaki>" | ||
| + | "kotánga" v urp p3 sp nn @advcl #5->8 | ||
| + | "<ye>" | ||
| + | "yé" prn pers p3 sg aa @nsubj #6->5 | ||
| + | "<,>" | ||
| + | "," cm @punct #7->5 | ||
| + | "<atondisamaki>" | ||
| + | "kotónda" v caus pass urp p3 sg aa @ccomp #8->2 | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
| + | This is translated "And it came to pass that as he read he was filled..." As before, "filled" has a ccomp dependency to "came," but in this example there is an intervening advcl. | ||
| + | |||
===Relation 2=== | ===Relation 2=== | ||
===Relation 3=== | ===Relation 3=== | ||
Revision as of 03:44, 24 April 2017
Lingala Universal Dependencies are documented on this page. Related models and corpora are available on GitHub.
Contents
Evaluation
| lin.withmorph.udpipe | lin.nomorph.udpipe | Number of forms | Number of sentences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lin.annotated.ud.conllu | UAS: 69.85%, LAS: 61.45% | UAS: 61.83%, LAS: 53.44% | 262 | 12 |
| lin.annotated2.ud.conllu | UAS: 39.82%, LAS: 21.24% | UAS: 29.20%, LAS: 20.35% | 113 | 8 |
The lower stats for lin.annotated2.ud.conllu are to be expected since the text for this corpus was drawn from a completely different source with a very different style.
Dependency Relations
Examples of dependency relations are shown below. Note that Lingala has some odd constructions with nouns and verbs that can allow them to function as if they were a different part of speech, so sometimes a certain dependency might seem to correspond to an otherwise incompatible part of speech.
ccomp
The ccomp relation is used in the manner described in the UD documentation: it denotes a clause relating to a main verb that is a core argument. This comes up very frequently in the Book of Mormon corpus that was being used for annotations, since the construction "It came to pass that..." is used quite frequently. The verb following "that" has a ccomp dependency to "came."
For a basic example, consider the following partial sentence:
"<Mpe>" "mpé" cngcoo @cc #1->2 "<esalemaki>" "kosalema" v urp p3 sp nn @root #2->0 "<ete>" "ete" cnjsub @mark #3->4 "<azongaki>" "kozónga" v urp p3 sg aa @ccomp #4->2
This is translated "It came to pass that he returned..." Here, "returned" has a ccomp dependency to "came." For a slightly more complicated example, consider the following excerpt:
"<Mpe>" "mpé" cngcoo @cc #1->2 "<esalemaki>" "kosalema" v urp p3 sp nn @root #2->0 "<ete>" "ete" cnjsub @mark #3->8 "<bo>" "bó" cnjsub @mark #4->5 "<etangaki>" "kotánga" v urp p3 sp nn @advcl #5->8 "<ye>" "yé" prn pers p3 sg aa @nsubj #6->5 "<,>" "," cm @punct #7->5 "<atondisamaki>" "kotónda" v caus pass urp p3 sg aa @ccomp #8->2
This is translated "And it came to pass that as he read he was filled..." As before, "filled" has a ccomp dependency to "came," but in this example there is an intervening advcl.
