Urum/Grammar

This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.

General information

Parts of speech

Morphology

Vowel Harmony

In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be:

1. narrow (а, о, у, ы) 
2. wide (a, o, y, ы), 
3. rounded (o, y, ö, ÿ) 
4. unrounded (a, э, ы, и).

There are two types of suffixes (check the last vowel that comes BEFORE):

First: if the last vowel is wide, the suffix will be “a” if narrow, the suffix will be “э”

1. If wide, the suffix will be “a”
2. If narrow, the suffix will be “э”

(suffix vowel (red)) after (vowel in base (red))

• лар после а, о, у, или ы в основе;

• лер после и, э, ӧ, или ӱ в основе;

Second:

1. If wide and unrounded, “ы”
2. If wide and rounded, “у”
3. If narrow and unrounded, “и”
4. If narrow and rounded, “ÿ” (after)

Syntax

References:

• Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
• "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)