Amis/Grammar

Amis Grammar

Forms of a Verb

Irregular verbs

Instrumental Applicative

This is used to indicate that there is an instrument or reason for doing something. the instrumental applicative can take three forms (shown in the table). the form with «pi-» can only be read as the instrument interpretation, while the forms with «ka-» can be interpreted as either instrument or reason. The tag for verbs should be <v>, the tag for the instrumental apllicative should be <ins>, the tag for negative should be <neg>.

Instumental Applicative

Instrument	sa-pi-
Instrument or Reason	sa-ka-	sa-ka...-um-

• adup<v><ins><> ↔ sapiadup
• sanga<v><ins><> ↔ masapisanga
• palu<v><ins><> ↔ sapipalu
• tukas<v><ins><><neg> ↔ kasapitukas
• fanaq<v><ins><> ↔ sakafanaq
• fanaq<v><ins><> ↔ sapifanaq

Locative Applicative

The locative applicative is used to indicate that there is an undergoer, goal, or location of doing something. The forms of the locative applicative «-an» are shown in the table below with the corresponding affixes. The tag for the locative applicative should be <loc>.

Locative Applicative Markers and Co-occuring Affixes

Goal	mi-...-an
Patient	mi-...-an	-um-...-an	ka-...-an
Location	pi-...-an	ka-...-um-...-an	ka-...-an

• ulah<v><loc> ↔ kaulahan
• diput<v><><loc> ↔ pidiputan
• adup<v><><loc> ↔ piadupan
• adup<v><><loc> ↔ miadupan
• repel<v><><loc> ↔ mirepelan
• cikay<v><><loc> ↔ micikayan

Factual Mood

The factual mood, marked with the suffix «-ay», indicates factuality. the tag <> is for the factual mood. The tag <gpr> is for verbal adjectives. The tag The tag <num> is for numerals and the tag <pl> is for the numeral modifier.

• kalat<v><actv><> ↔ mikalatay
• palu<v><><> ↔ mapaluay
• kuhting<gpr><> ↔ kuhtingay
• tata'ak<gpr><> ↔ tata'akay
• tusa<num><pl><> ↔ tatusaay

Clause Structures

Sentence Structure

• Amis is a predicate-initial language.