Uyghur and English/Contrastive Grammar

This wiki-page is created to document instances of grammar difference between some sentences in Uyghur and English.

Sentence Structure

General English sentences would follow S + V + obj, whereas in Uyghur, it would be S + obj + V.

Examples:

• (uig) .خۇدا يورۇقلۇقنىڭ ياخشى ئىكەنلىكىنى كۆردى → (eng) God saw that light was good.

  (uig) خۇدا<n><nom> + يورۇقلۇق<n><gen>+ ياخشى<adj>+ ئىكەن<cop><p3><acc><dn>+ كۆردى<v><ifi><p3> → (eng) God <n><p3>+ saw<v><ifi>+ that<rel>+ light<n><sg>+ was<v><ifi>+ good<adj>

• (uig) .خۇدانىڭ ئەمرى بىلەن شۇنداق بولدى → (eng) With God's command it was done like that.

  (uig) خۇدا<n><gen> + ئەمرى<n><nom>+ بىلەن <pr>+ شۇنداق<cnjsub>+ بول<v><ifi><p3> → (eng) With<pr>+ God's<n><gen><p3>+ command<n>+ that<rel>+ it<n><p3>+ was<v><ifi>+ do<v><pii>

• (uig) خۇدا بۇلارنىڭ ياخشى ئىكەنلىكىنى كۆردى. → (eng) God saw that these were good.

  (uig) خۇدا<n><nom> + بۇ<n><pl><gen>+ ياخشى<adj>+ ئىكەن<cop><p3><acc><dn>+ كۆردى<v><ifi><p3> → (eng) God <n><p3>+ saw<v><ifi>+ that<rel>+ these<prn><pl>+ was<v><ifi><pl>+ good<adj>

• (uig) ئۆيىمدە جىق چاشقان بار. → (eng) There are many mice in my house.

  (uig) ئۆي<n><pos><sg><loc> + جىق<adj>+ چاشقان <n><nom>+ بار<adj> → (eng) There <prn>+ be<cop><pl>+ many<adj>+ mouse<n><pl>+ in<pr>+ my<adj><pos><p1>+house<n>

• (uig) ئۆيىمدە جىق چاشقان بار. → (eng) There are many mice in my house.

  (uig) يەنە<adv> + كېچە<n><nom>+ ۋە <cnjcoo>+ كۈندۈز<n><nom> + ئۈچىنچى<adj>+ كۈن<n><nom> + بول<v><ifi><p3> → (eng) Night <n><sg> + and<cnjsoo> + day <n><sg>+ passed<v><ifi> + again <adv> + this <det.dem> + third <adj> + day <n><p3><sg> + was <v><ifi><sg> + done <v><pp>.

Noun

Uyghur has 10 different cases for each specific noun whereas English does not have any. Examples:

Pronoun

In Uyghur, notice that:

• Second-Person Pronouns are categorized based on the formality
• The Third-Person Pronoun are not categorized according to gender or number.

In English, both of these cases are the opposite.

Examples:

Verb to be

In English, the verb "to be" is used; whereas in Uyghur, it is often omitted. Examples:

Verbs

The verbs are categorized according to the pronouns. Since the Pronouns are already different between the two languages, this leads to many cases that leads to a difference in the tags for the verb in each tense. Examples: