Urum/Morphology

Morphology

Vowel Harmony

In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be:

1. high (а, о, у, ы)
2. low (a, o, y, ы),
3. rounded (o, y, ö, ÿ)
4. unrounded (a, э, ы, и).

There are two types of suffixes (check the last vowel that comes BEFORE):

First: if the last vowel is wide, the suffix will be “a” if high, the suffix will be “э”

1. If low, the suffix will be “a”

Second:

1. If low and unrounded, “ы”
2. If low and rounded, “у”
3. If high and unrounded, “и”
4. If high and rounded, “ÿ” (after)

The Suffix of Plurality

• лар/лер

If the base ENDS WITH A м/н CONSONANT, л CHANGES TO н

Cases (Nominative and Accusative)

CASES (NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE)

Lemma + (plural suffix) + suffix of a case

There is harmony of consonants: if a word ends at -x, -к, -п, And if the suffix starts at a vowel, Then х - ғ, к - г, п - б change

Syntax