Sebat Bet Gurage/Grammar

Parts of Speech

Tag	Part of Speech	Example
<n>	Noun	ንቭረት<n> ↔ ንቭረት
<prn>	Pronoun	እያ<prn> ↔ እያ
<v>	Verb	ከፈተ<v> ↔ ከፈተ
<adj>	Adjective	እርስየ<adj> ↔ እርስየ
<adv>	Adverb	ኸማ<adv> ↔ ኸማ
<post>	Postposition	ከፈተራም<v><post> ↔ ከፈተራም
<inj>	Interjection	ወግ<inj> ↔ ወግ
<pre>	Preposition	በቤት<pre><n> ↔ በቤት
<cn>	Conjunction	ባንኸሬ<cn> ↔ ባንኸሬ

Prefixes

i may combine this one; i want to talk about prefixes and their multiple purposes

«የ»

The prefix «የ» attached to a noun<n> marks accusative case, genitive case, allative case and benefactive case of the sentence.

case name	~meaning	tag
accusative	definite direct object	<acc>
genitive	possessor	<gen>
allative	direction	<all>
benefactive	"for"	<ben>
manner	"from"	<man>

• መናኒ<ben><n> ↔ የመናኒ
• ቭራ<acc><n> ↔ የቭራ

Relative Clauses

Verbs forming a relative clause have a different form depending on the aspect. Relative clause verbs in the continuous form are the same, expect for the requirement of the governing noun (or a definite article) to be in the same sentence. In the Pluperfect/Past continuous form, የ is attached to ነፐረ- instead. In the equative form, የ attaches to perfect form ኸረም for past events, ነፐረም for present events, and continuous form ኸረም for future events.

Aspect	Independent Clause	Relative Clause	Form
Perfect	ኧርች ችኧነም	የቸነ ኧርች	የ___-ም
Continuous	በዄት ሳት ትቸን	በዄት ሳት ትቸን ገረድ	____+}
Pluperfect/Past continuous		ቸነም የረፐረ ምስ	የ ነፐረ-ም
Equative	ዝኽ ዴንⷛ ተማሪ ባነቦ	ተማሪ የረፐሮ ዴንⷛ	የ+ኸረ-ም

«በ»

locative case, real condition, essive, manner

Aspects

Perfect Aspect

• በናም<v><p1><sg><perf> ↔ በናኹም
• በናም<v><m><p2><sg><perf> ↔ በናኸም
• በናም<v><f><p2><sg><perf> ↔ በናⷕም
• በናም<v><m><p3><sg><perf> ↔ በናም
• በናም<v><f><p3><sg><perf> ↔ በናችም
• በናም<v><p1><pl><perf> ↔ በናነም
• በናም<v><m><p2><pl><perf> ↔ በናኹም
• በናም<v><f><p2><pl><perf> ↔ በናኽማም
• በናም<v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ በነቮም
• በናም<v><f><p3><p1><perf> ↔ በነማም
• በናም<v><impers><perf> ↔ ᎄነናችም

Verb stem in Perfect Aspect seems to be "ቨና"

Continuous Aspect

• በናም<v><p1><sg><cont> ↔ ኧቨራ
• በናም<v><m><p2><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨራ
• በናም<v><f><p2><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨየ
• በናም<v><m><p3><sg><cont> ↔ ይቨራ
• በናም<v><f><p3><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨራ
• በናም<v><p1><pl><cont> ↔ ንቨራነ
• በናም<v><m><p2><pl><cont> ↔ ትቨሮ
• በናም<v><f><p2><pl><cont> ↔ ትቨራማ
• በናም<v><m><p3><pl><cont> ↔ ይቨሮ
• በናም<v><f><p3><p1><cont> ↔ ይቨራማ
• በናም<v><impers><cont> ↔ ይወረ

Verb stem in Continuous Aspect seems to be "ቨራ"

Past Continuous

Past Continuous is the continuous form followed by ባነ.

Jussive Aspect

• በናም<v><p1><sg><jus> ↔ ንብራ
• በናም<v><m><p2><sg><jus> ↔ ብራ
• በናም<v><f><p2><sg><jus> ↔ ብየ
• በናም<v><m><p3><sg><jus> ↔ የብራ
• በናም<v><f><p3><sg><jus> ↔ ትብራ
• በናም<v><p1><pl><jus> ↔ ንብራነ
• በናም<v><m><p2><pl><jus> ↔ ብሮ
• በናም<v><f><p2><pl><jus> ↔ ብረማ
• በናም<v><m><p3><pl><jus> ↔ የብሮ
• በናም<v><f><p3><p1><jus> ↔ የብራማ
• በናም<v><impers><jus> ↔ የውረ

Verb stem in Jussive Aspect seems to be "ብራ"

Negation

Negation	Affirmative	Negative	Form
Perfect	በናኹም	አንበናኹ	አን___-ም
Continuous	ትቨራ	አትቨራ	አ____
Jussive	ብራ	አትብራ	አት_____

Verbs

Converbs

There are two converbs: the t(ተ)-converb and the m (መ)-converb.The t-converb, is formed by suffixing -t to a stem identical to the 2nd singular feminine imperative.

• ንክስ<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ንክቭተኸ
• ፍርኸ<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ፍረኸያተኸ
• ስቭር<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ሲቪተኸ
• ንቅኢም <v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ ንቅኢምተኸ
• ሲዲድ <v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ ሲዥዥተኸ
• ንቅኢቅ<v><impers><perf> ↔ ንቅኢ’ይቅ’ይተኸ

Possesive Pronominal Suffixes

• ቤት<n><sg><pos><p1> ↔ ቤተና
• ቤት<n><pl><pos><p1> ↔ ቤተንዳ
• ቤት<n><sg><pos><p2><m> ↔ ቤታኸ
• ቤት<n><p2><sg><pos><f> ↔ ቤታኽይ
• ቤት<n><p3><sg><pos><m> ↔ ቤተታ
• ቤት<n><p3><sg><pos><f> ↔ ቤተኽይታ
• ቤት<n><pl><pos><p2><m> ↔ ቤታኹ
• ቤት<n><pl><pos><p2><f> ↔ ቤታኽማ
• ቤት<n><m><p3><pl><pos> ↔ ቤታኹና
• ቤት<n><f><p3><pl><pos> ↔ ቤታኽንማ