Urum/Grammar
This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.
Contents
General information
Parts of speech
Morphology
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Lemma + plural + possessive + case (from JNW)
Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV
Vowel Harmony
In Urum, vowels in suffixes - for example, in number or case suffixes - depend on what the last vowel of the stem of the word was. The last vowel of the word stem can be:
- narrow (а, о, у, ы)
- wide (a, o, y, ы),
- rounded (o, y, ö, ÿ)
- unrounded (a, э, ы, и).
There are two types of suffixes (check the last vowel that comes BEFORE):
First: if the last vowel is wide, the suffix will be “a” if narrow, the suffix will be “э”
- If wide, the suffix will be “a”
- If narrow, the suffix will be “э”
Second:
- If wide and unrounded, “ы”
- If wide and rounded, “у”
- If narrow and unrounded, “и”
- If narrow and rounded, “ÿ” (after)
The Suffix of Plurality
- лар/лер
If the base ENDS WITH A м/н CONSONANT, л CHANGES TO н
Cases (Nominative and Accusative)
CASES (NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE)
Lemma + (plural suffix) + suffix of a case
There is harmony of consonants: if a word ends at -x, -к, -п, And if the suffix starts at a vowel, Then х - г, к - ґ, п - б change
Syntax
Grammar points
Plurality
Rule:
- лар after [а, о, у, ы] in lemma;
- лер after [и, э, ӧ, ӱ] in lemma;
Notes:
- if the lemma ends at a nasal sound, we will use -нар or -нер
- if the lemma ends at -ь, -ь is removed
Morphological Analysis:
пычах <n><pl> пычахлар хыз <n><pl> хызлар хурйух <n><pl> хурйухлар от <n><pl> отлар эль <n><pl> эллер тиш <n><pl> тишлер кöз <n><pl> кöзлер гÿль <n><pl> гÿллер
References
- Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
- "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)
