Huaylas Quechua/Grammar
Contents
Background
Huaylas Ancash Quechua is a Central Quechuan variety spoken in Callejon de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru. More information is available on the main page.
Language Typology
Huaylas Ancash Quechua is a polysynthetic, aggluginative language [1]. Prepositions, conjunctions, and relative pronouns are indicated with inflection suffixes [1].Primarily a verb-final language, with a preferred word order of SOV, Huaylas Quechua additionally allows OSV, SVO, VSO, OVS, and VOS [2]. Despite a diverse word order, the grammatical arguments of a sentence remain easy to identify due to a large and rich system of markers that indicate grammatical arguments, subjects and objects, and case.
Parts of Speech of Huaylas Quechua
Nouns
Noun Phrases
Similarly to English, nouns can directly modify the following noun in a noun phrase [1] [3]. For example, the noun phrase hara chakra, meaning corn farm, is composed of the noun adjunct hara (corn) first, and the modified chakra (farm) [4] second.
| Huaylas | Spanish | English translation |
|---|---|---|
| hara chakra | chacra de maiz | corn farm |
| chakra allpa | tierra de una chacra | farmland |
Noun Inflection
Nouns inflect in the following order:
- Categories of person (possessor) → Number (singular/plural) → Case
An example is as follows:
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{{#invoke:Interlinear|interlinearise}}
makikikunawan
- noun(hand) + possessor(your) + number(plural) + preposition/case(with)
| Huaylas | Inflection | English |
|---|---|---|
| maki | none | hand |
| makiki | possessor | your hand |
| makikuna | plural | hands |
| makiwan | with (the, a) | hand |
| makikikunawan | possessor + number + case | with your hands |
Case
Person Marking
Verbs
Present Tense
Preterite Tense
Future Tense
Verb Inflection
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Parker, Gary John. Gramatica Quechua (Ancash-Huailas) / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976
- ↑ Julca Guerrero, Felix Claudio. The person-marking system in Huaylas Quechua
- ↑ try saying that three times fast!
- ↑ Chakra refers to a specific type of farm with no direct English translation [1]
