Kamba/Grammar
From LING073
Kamba Grammar
Contents
Verb Forms
Positive Immediate Past
The‘Immediate’ past in Kikamba refers to actions taking place earlier in the day of speaking.
“To pull” immediate past Nĩ+ verbal-prefix + Root + ie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩngootie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Nũkootie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Nũkootie
“To Be” immediate past
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ nĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ wĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ eĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ twĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ mwĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Meĩ
Positive Recent Past
‘Recent’ past refers to actions taking place earlier on the day prior to the day of speaking, or even to a week previously
“To pull” immediate past Nĩ+ verbal-prefix + Root + ie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩnĩnakootie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Nũnakootie
- Nũkootie<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Nũkootie
“To Be” immediate past
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩnaĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ũnaĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Anaĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ Tũnaĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Mũnaĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Manaĩ
Negative Immediate Past
“To Be” negative immediate past
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Ndyĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ndwĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Tũwiĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Mũiĩĩ
- Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Maiĩĩ
