Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

qwh-spa tests

Possession and Reflexivity

Space to talk about things!

• (qwh) Musyayarqan → (spa) Se enteraron ("They found out.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (qwh) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Auxiliary "Ser"

Space to talk about things!

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Subordinate Clauses

Space to talk about things!

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Evidentiality marker: -shI

Huaylas Quechua has a marker -shI which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience". In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

• (qwh) Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi → (spa) Pero sus padres se enteraron ("But their parents found out")

  (qwh) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

Word Order

Space to talk about things!

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

The Elusive "Tsë

Space to talk about things!

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>

• (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")

  (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>