Sardinian and English/Structural transfer
From LING073
pre-evaluation
- WER, PER, and other useful numbers:
Statistics about input files ------------------------------------------------------- Number of words in reference: 81 Number of words in test: 80 Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 14 Percentage of unknown words: 17.50 %
Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars) ------------------------------------------------------- Edit distance: 77 Word error rate (WER): 95.06 % Number of position-independent correct words: 12 Position-independent word error rate (PER): 85.19 %
- coverage from monolingual transducer on srd.tests:
Coverage: 97.78% Top unknown words in the corpus: 1 paìsu 1 Lettu
- coverage from bilingual transducer on srd.tests:
Number of tokenised words in the corpus: 91 Coverage: 84.62% Top unknown words in the corpus: 2 bellu 1 paisu 1 paìsu 1 Lettu 1 furatu 1 dinari 1 punitos 1 rica 1 datu 1 milli 1 francos 1 betzu 1 iscimpru
.rtx rules
- Item 1: Determiners before nouns in Sardinian are omitted in English translations that do not include determiners before nouns
- Ex: (srd) Sa Frantza est unu paisu bellu. → (eng) France is a beautiful country.
- Outputs for:
- tagger:
^Su<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^paisu<n><m><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$
- lex:
1:SELECT:0.8:Su<det><def><f><sg>:2:The<det><def><f><sg> ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$
- transfer:
Applying rule 4 (line 58): ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$
Applying rule 6 (line 61): ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
Applying rule 1 (line 54): ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$
Applying rule 3 (line 57): ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$
Applying rule 8 (line 64): ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$
Applying rule 9 (line 66): ^Default<DP><PD><ND>{^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$}$
Applying output rule 8 (line 66): Be<p3><sg> -> ^Default<DP><PD><ND>{^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$}$
Applying output rule 3 (line 58): Default<DP><p3><sg> -> ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$
No rule specified: ^France<np><top><sg>$
Applying output rule 7 (line 64): be<VP><p3><sg> -> ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$
Applying output rule 5 (line 61): be<vP><p3><sg> -> ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
No rule specified: ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$
Applying output rule 2 (line 57): default<DP><p3><sg> -> ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$
No rule specified: ^a<det><ind><sg>$
Applying output rule 0 (line 54): default<NP><p3><sg> -> ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$
No rule specified: ^beautiful<adj>$
No rule specified: ^country<n><sg>$
No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$ ^France<np><top><sg>$ ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^a<det><ind><sg>$ ^beautiful<adj>$ ^country<n><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$
- abc-xyz:
France is a beautiful country.
- Item 2: Noun-adjective order in noun phraseology: adjectives now come before the noun in translations when necessary:
- Ex: (srd) Su sardu est una limba antica. → (eng) Sardinian is an ancient language.
- Outputs for:
- tagger:
^Su<det><def><m><sg>$ ^sardu<n><m><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^limba<n><f><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$
- lex:
1:SELECT:0.8:Su<det><def><m><sg>:2:The<det><def><m><sg> ^Su<det><def><m><sg>/The<det><def><m><sg>$ ^sardu<n><m><sg>/Sardinian<n><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$
- transfer:
No rule specified: ^Su<det><def><m><sg>/The<det><def><m><sg>$
No rule specified: ^sardu<n><m><sg>/Sardinian<n><sg>$
Applying rule 6 (line 61): ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
Applying rule 1 (line 54): ^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$
Applying rule 3 (line 57): ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$
Applying rule 8 (line 64): ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$}$
Applying rule 10 (line 67): ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$}$}$
Applying output rule 9 (line 67): be<S><p3><sg> -> ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$}$}$
No rule specified: ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><nt><sg>$
Applying output rule 7 (line 64): be<VP><p3><sg> -> ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$}$
Applying output rule 5 (line 61): be<vP><p3><sg> -> ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
No rule specified: ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$
Applying output rule 2 (line 57): default<DP><p3><sg> -> ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$}$
No rule specified: ^a<det><ind><sg>$
Applying output rule 0 (line 54): default<NP><p3><sg> -> ^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$
No rule specified: ^ancient<adj>$
No rule specified: ^language<n><sg>$
No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$ ^The<det><def><m><sg>$ ^Sardinian<n><sg>$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><nt><sg>$ ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^a<det><ind><sg>$ ^ancient<adj>$ ^language<n><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$
- abc-xyz:
#The Sardinian it is an ancient language.
- Item 2: Posessive determiner/marker order in noun phraseology
- Ex: (srd) Libru meu est. → (eng) It is my book.
- Outputs for:
- tagger:^Libru<n><m><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>$ ^est<n><m><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$
- lex
- transfer:
- abc-xyz:
- Item 3: The English determiner "the" is immutable, while the Sardinian determiner "su" must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies
- Ex: (srd) Una de sas berbekes est maláida. → (eng) One of the sheep is sick.
- Outputs for:
- tagger:
- lex
- transfer:
- abc-xyz:
- Item 4: For most uses/conjugations of verbs in Sardinian, the verb stands on its own without a personal pronoun, while in English personal pronouns always precede any conjugated verbs. In other words, the tags of "appo" (I have) determine a new word "I" which precedes "have" in the English translation.
- Ex: (srd) Appo pèrditu duos de sos libros meos. → (eng) I have lost two of my books.
- Outputs for:
- tagger:
- lex
- transfer:
- abc-xyz:
post evaluation
- WER, PER, and other useful numbers, part 2:
- Coverage from monolingual transducer, part 2:
- Coverage from bilingual transducer, part 2:,,
