Sardinian and English/Structural transfer

pre-evaluation

• WER, PER, and other useful numbers:

 Statistics about input files
 -------------------------------------------------------
 Number of words in reference: 81
 Number of words in test: 80
 Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 14
 Percentage of unknown words: 17.50 %

 Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)
 -------------------------------------------------------
 Edit distance: 77
 Word error rate (WER): 95.06 %
 Number of position-independent correct words: 12
 Position-independent word error rate (PER): 85.19 %

• coverage from monolingual transducer on srd.tests:

 Coverage: 97.78%
 Top unknown words in the corpus:
 1	   paìsu
 1	   Lettu

• coverage from bilingual transducer on srd.tests:

 Number of tokenised words in the corpus: 91
 Coverage: 84.62%
 Top unknown words in the corpus:
 2	   bellu
 1	   paisu
 1	   paìsu
 1	   Lettu
 1	   furatu
 1	   dinari
 1	   punitos
 1	   rica
 1	   datu
 1	   milli
 1	   francos
 1	   betzu
 1	   iscimpru

.rtx rules

Item 1: Determiners before nouns in Sardinian are omitted in English translations that do not include determiners before nouns

• Ex: (srd) Sa Frantza est unu paisu bellu. → (eng) France is a beautiful country.
• Outputs for:

  tagger: ^Su<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^paisu<n><m><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

  lex:

 1:SELECT:0.8:Su<det><def><f><sg>:2:The<det><def><f><sg>
 ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

• transfer:

 Applying rule 4 (line 58): ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$
 Applying rule 6 (line 61): ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
 Applying rule 1 (line 54): ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$
 Applying rule 3 (line 57): ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$
 Applying rule 8 (line 64): ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$
 Applying rule 9 (line 66): ^Default<DP><PD><ND>{^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$}$
 Applying output rule 8 (line 66): Be<#S><p3><sg> -> ^Default<DP><PD><ND>{^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$}$
 Applying output rule 3 (line 58): Default<DP><p3><sg> -> ^Su<det><def><f><sg>/The<det><def><f><sg>$ ^Frantza<np><top><f><sg>/France<np><top><f><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^France<np><top><sg>$
 Applying output rule 7 (line 64): be<VP><p3><sg> -> ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$ ^default<DP><PD><ND>{^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$}$
 Applying output rule 5 (line 61): be<vP><p3><sg> -> ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$
 Applying output rule 2 (line 57): default<DP><p3><sg> -> ^unu<det><ind><m><sg>/a<det><ind><m><sg>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$}$
 No rule specified: ^a<det><ind><sg>$
 Applying output rule 0 (line 54): default<NP><p3><sg> -> ^paisu<n><m><sg>/country<n><sg>$ ^bellu<adj><m><sg>/beautiful<adj><m><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^beautiful<adj>$
 No rule specified: ^country<n><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 ^France<np><top><sg>$ ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^a<det><ind><sg>$ ^beautiful<adj>$ ^country<n><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

• abc-xyz:

 France is a beautiful country.

Item 2: Noun-adjective order in noun phraseology: adjectives now come before the noun in translations when necessary:

• Ex: (srd) Su sardu est una limba antica. → (eng) Sardinian is an ancient language.
• Outputs for:

  tagger: ^Su<det><def><m><sg>$ ^sardu<n><m><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^limba<n><f><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

  lex:

 1:SELECT:0.8:Su<det><def><m><sg>:2:The<det><def><m><sg>
 ^Su<det><def><m><sg>/The<det><def><m><sg>$ ^sardu<n><m><sg>/Sardinian<n><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$ ^unu<det><ind><f><sg>/a<det><ind><f><sg>$ ^limba<n><f><sg>/language<n><sg>$ ^anticu<adj><f><sg>/ancient<adj><f><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

• transfer: [

  abc-xyz:

 The Sardinian is an ancient language.

Item 3: Posessive determiner/marker order in noun phraseology

• Ex: (srd) Libru meu est. → (eng) It is my book.
• Outputs for:

  tagger: ^Libru<n><m><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

  lex: ^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>/my<det><pos><m><sg>$ ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

  transfer:

 Applying rule 3 (line 58): ^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$
 Applying rule 1 (line 56): ^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>/my<det><pos><m><sg>$
 Applying rule 6 (line 63): ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
 Applying rule 11 (line 69): ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$
 Applying rule 13 (line 72): ^Default<NP><PD><ND>{^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>/my<det><pos><m><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$}$
 Applying output rule 12 (line 72): Be<#S><p3><sg> -> ^Default<NP><PD><ND>{^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>/my<det><pos><m><sg>$}$ ^be<VP><p3><sg>{^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$}$
 Applying output rule 0 (line 56): Default<NP><p3><sg> -> ^Libru<n><m><sg>/Book<n><sg>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><sg>/my<det><pos><m><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^my<det>$
 No rule specified: ^Book<n><sg>$
 Applying output rule 10 (line 69): be<VP><p3><sg> -> ^be<vP><p3><sg>{^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$}$
 Applying output rule 5 (line 63): be<vP><p3><sg> -> ^èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg>/be<vbser><pri><p3><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 ^my<det>$ ^Book<n><sg>$ ^be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

• abc-xyz:

 #my Book is.

Item 4: For most uses/conjugations of verbs in Sardinian, the verb stands on its own without a personal pronoun, while in English personal pronouns always precede any conjugated verbs. In other words, the tags of "appo" (I have) determine a new word "I" which precedes "have" in the English translation.

• Ex: (srd) Appo pèrditu duos de sos libros meos. → (eng) I have lost two of my books.
• Outputs for:

  tagger: ^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$ ^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>$ ^duos<num><m><sp>$ ^de<pr>$ ^su<det><def><m><pl>$ ^libru<n><m><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

  lex:

 1:SELECT:1:de<pr>:2:of<pr>
 1:SELECT:0.8:su<det><def><m><pl>:2:the<det><def><m><pl>
 ^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$ ^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$ ^duos<num><m><sp>/two<num><m><sp>$ ^de<pr>/of<pr>$ ^su<det><def><m><pl>/the<det><def><m><pl>$ ^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>/my<det><pos><m><pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

• transfer:

 Applying rule 7 (line 64): ^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$
 Applying rule 11 (line 69): ^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$
 Applying rule 15 (line 74): ^Have<VP><p1><sg>{^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$}$
 Applying rule 8 (line 65): ^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$
 Applying rule 10 (line 68): ^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP><PD><sg>{^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$}$
 Applying rule 15 (line 74): ^Have<VP><p1><sg>{^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP><PD><sg>{^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$}$}$
 Applying output rule 14 (line 74): Have<#S><p1><sg> -> ^Have<VP><p1><sg>{^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP><PD><sg>{^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$}$}$
 No rule specified: ^prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$
 Applying output rule 9 (line 68): Have<VP><p1><sg> -> ^Have<vP><p1><sg>{^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP><PD><sg>{^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$}$
 Applying output rule 6 (line 64): Have<vP><p1><sg> -> ^Àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>/Have<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^Have<vbhaver><pres><p1><sg>$=
 Applying output rule 7 (line 65): lose<vP><p3><sg> -> ^pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg>/lose<vblex><pp><m><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^lose<vblex><p3><sg>$
 No rule specified: ^duos<num><m><sp>/two<num><m><sp>$
 No rule specified: ^de<pr>/of<pr>$
 Applying rule 3 (line 58): ^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$
 Applying rule 4 (line 60): ^su<det><def><m><pl>/the<det><def><m><pl>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$}$
 Applying rule 1 (line 56): ^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>/my<det><pos><m><pl>$
 Applying rule 4 (line 60): ^su<det><def><m><pl>/the<det><def><m><pl>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>/my<det><pos><m><pl>$}$
 Applying output rule 3 (line 60): default<DP><PD><ND> -> ^su<det><def><m><pl>/the<det><def><m><pl>$ ^default<NP><PD><ND>{^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>/my<det><pos><m><pl>$}$
 No rule specified: ^the<det><def><pl>$
 Applying output rule 0 (line 56): default<NP><p3><sg> -> ^libru<n><m><pl>/book<n><pl>$ ^meu<adj><pos><m><pl>/my<det><pos><m><pl>$
 No rule specified: ^my<det>$
 No rule specified: ^book<n><pl>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$
 ^prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^Have<vbhaver><pres><p1><sg>$ ^lose<vblex><p3><sg>$ ^two<num><m><sp>$ ^of<pr>$ ^the<det><def><pl>$ ^my<det>$ ^book<n><pl>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$

• abc-xyz:

 I #Have #lose #two of the #my books.

post evaluation

• WER, PER, and other useful numbers, part 2:
• Coverage from monolingual transducer, part 2:
• Coverage from bilingual transducer, part 2:,,