Bikol and Chamorro/Contrastive Grammar

Contrastive grammar between Bikol and Chamorro

Differences

Indefinite Object

Chamorro

• Mana'lo yo' lepblo (I returned a book) (pg. 107)
  • constructed verb form from root and rules
• Manaitai yo' lepblo (I read a book)

Bikol

• Iinulíʼ ko an libró (I returned a book)
• Nagbasa ako ning libro. (I read a book)

Chamorro indicates indefinite object with a prefix on the verb but Bikol includes the determiner as a separate word.

Possession

Chamorro

• I gimaʼ-ña si Jose (Joseʼs house) (pg. 221)

Bikol

• Si haróng ni Jose (Joseʼs house)

Bikol uses "ni Jose" to mean "of Jose" and Chamorro adds the possessive indicator to the noun.

Plural Nouns

Chamorro

• Manmaʼestro hamyo (You are teachers) (pg. 234)

Bikol

• Mga maéstro kamó (You are teachers)

Bikol uses a separate word to indicate plurality of a noun whereas Chamorro uses a prefix.

Modifiers

Chamorro

• Malak i dánkolo na gumaʼ yoʼ (I went to the big house) (pg. 92, 208)

Bikol

• Nagdumán akó sa haróng na dakúlaʼ (I went to the big house)

Chamorro has modifier before noun but Bikol has noun before modifier.

Comparative

Chamorro

• Metgotña yoʼ kinu hagu (I am stronger than you) (pg. 217)

Bikol

• Makusóg pa akó ki saímo (I am stronger than you)

Chamorro uses a combination of a suffix and a separate word to indicate comparatives whereas Bikol just uses a separate word.

bcl-cha tests

• (bcl) Iinulí ko an libró → (cha) Mana'lo yo' lepblo

  (bcl) Iinulí<vblex><past> ko<prn><p1><sg> an<det><ind> libró<n> → (cha) Mana'lo<taghere> yo'<taghere> lepblo<taghere>

• (bcl) Si haróng ni Jose → (cha) I gimaʼ-ña si Jose

  (bcl) Si<det><def> haróng<n> ni<det><px3sg> Jose<cog> → (cha) I<taghere> gimaʼ-ña<taghere> si<taghere> Jose<taghere>

• (bcl) Mga maéstro kamó → (cha) Manmaʼestro hamyo

  (bcl) Mga<pl> maéstro<n> kamó<prn><p2><pl> → (cha) Manmaʼestro<taghere> hamyo<taghere>

• (bcl) Nagdumán akó sa haróng na dakúla → (cha) Malak i dánkolo na gumaʼ yoʼ

  (bcl) Nagdumán<vblex><past> akó<prn><p1><sg> sa<det><def> haróng<n> na<link> dakúlaʼ<adj> → (cha) Malak<taghere> i<taghere> dánkolo<taghere> na<taghere> guma'<taghere> yo'<taghere>

• (bcl) Makusóg pa akó ki saímo → (cha) Metgotña yoʼ kinu hagu

  (bcl) Makusóg<adj> pa<vaux><comp> akó<prn><p1><sg> ki<link> saímo<prn><p2><sg> → (cha) Metgotña<taghere> yo'<taghere> kinu<taghere> hagu<taghere>