Difference between revisions of "Berik/Grammar"

From LING073
Jump to: navigation, search
(Gender)
(Verbs: add gender)
Line 40: Line 40:
  
 
=== Gender ===
 
=== Gender ===
Many verbs agree with the gender of the object. Some these have a regular suffix alteration between -bana and -bili
+
Many verbs agree with the gender of the object. Some these have a regular suffix alteration between «-bana» and «-bili».
 +
* {{morphTest|sarbana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|sarbili}}
 +
* {{morphTest|eyebana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|eyebili}}
 +
* {{morphTest|gwebana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|gwebili}}
 +
 
 +
Others undergo stem changes. Some of these are very similar to the suffix alteration.
 +
* {{morphTest|gerbana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|golbili}}
 +
 
 +
Whereas others (those ending in «-tana», it seems) change the first syllable and change the suffix to «-ola».
 +
* {{morphTest|damtana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|domola}}
 +
* {{morphTest|saftana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}|sofola}}

Revision as of 12:14, 13 February 2018

(further formatting later)

Nouns

Nouns as suffixes

Nouns occurring as the subject of a sentence typically receive the suffix «-na». However, not every noun receives this inflection.

  • Consider the following examples where subjects receive the suffix «-na»
    • bangge<n><subj> ↔ banggena

Verbs

Number

Intransitive verbs agree with the subject for dual number by adding the pluralizer word «ge» before the verb.

  • jila<v><iv><du> ↔ ge jila
  • sofwa<v><iv><du> ↔ ge sofwa
  • nasona<v><iv><du> ↔ ge nasona
  • fina<v><iv><du> ↔ ge fina

For plurals 4 examples are given, but the pattern isn't clear.

  • jila<v><iv><pl> ↔ ge jalbili
  • sofwa<v><iv><pl> ↔ ge sofwabili
  • nasona<v><iv><pl> ↔ ge nasbawena
  • fina<v><iv><pl> ↔ ge fibili

Transitive verbs mark the number of the object.

In dual, the ending appears to be «-sona» for verbs ending in «-(b)ana», which is sometimes accompanied by a vowel change in the stem. There is not enough data to find a pattern for other types of verbs.

  • damtana<v><tv><du> ↔ domsona
  • saftana<v><tv><du> ↔ sofsona
  • nasbana<v><tv><du> ↔ nasona
  • telbese<v><tv><du> ↔ telmisi
  • wirusu<v><tv><du> ↔ wirsosa

Plural is again difficult to make out.

  • damtana<v><tv><pl> ↔ damtabili
  • saftana<v><tv><pl> ↔ saftabana
  • nasbana<v><tv><pl> ↔ nasbabili
  • telbese<v><tv><pl> ↔ telbebesi
  • wirusu<v><tv><pl> ↔ wirtababisi

Gender

Many verbs agree with the gender of the object. Some these have a regular suffix alteration between «-bana» and «-bili».

  • sarbana<v><tv><f> ↔ sarbili
  • eyebana<v><tv><f> ↔ eyebili
  • gwebana<v><tv><f> ↔ gwebili

Others undergo stem changes. Some of these are very similar to the suffix alteration.

  • gerbana<v><tv><f> ↔ golbili

Whereas others (those ending in «-tana», it seems) change the first syllable and change the suffix to «-ola».

  • damtana<v><tv><f> ↔ domola
  • saftana<v><tv><f> ↔ sofola