Difference between revisions of "Berik and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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(bkl-eng tests)
(Nouns)
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== Nouns ==
 
== Nouns ==
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=== Tools and definiteness ===
  
 
* Berik has a separate case for tools, English uses prepositions.
 
* Berik has a separate case for tools, English uses prepositions.
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* {{transferTest|bkl|eng|Je twena ginem tana.|He killed the pig with an arrow.}} ("He killed the pig with an arrow.")
 
* {{transferTest|bkl|eng|Je twena ginem tana.|He killed the pig with an arrow.}} ("He killed the pig with an arrow.")
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} twin{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} gin{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} tana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|light}}{{tag|pst}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} pig{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} arrow{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} twin{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} gin{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} tana{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|light}}{{tag|pst}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} pig{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} arrow{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
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=== Plurality and subject repetition ===
  
 
* Berik nouns do not mark plurality.
 
* Berik nouns do not mark plurality.
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* {{transferTest|bkl|eng|Ai twena anesus ai damtabili unggunfena setetina.|I see many large black pigs.}} ("I see many large black pigs.")
 
* {{transferTest|bkl|eng|Ai twena anesus ai damtabili unggunfena setetina.|I see many large black pigs.}} ("I see many large black pigs.")
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} twin{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} ane{{tag|adj}}{{tag|int}} ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} damtabili{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|prs}}{{tag|light}} unggunfena{{tag|adj}} setetina{{tag|adj}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} large{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} black{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} pig{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} twin{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} ane{{tag|adj}}{{tag|int}} ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} damtabili{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|prs}}{{tag|light}} unggunfena{{tag|adj}} setetina{{tag|adj}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} large{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} black{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} pig{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
 
 
  
 
== eng-bkl tests ==
 
== eng-bkl tests ==
  
 
[[Category:Sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]
 
[[Category:Sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Revision as of 11:36, 22 March 2018

Word Order

  • English is SVO, Berik is SOV.

Copulas

  • English has copulas, Berik doesn't.
  • Negative copulas are "copula adverb" in English, in Berik it's a negative suffix on the object.
  • (bkl) Ai taneyan. → (eng) I am not a child. ("I am not a child.")
    (bkl) ai<prn><subj> tane<n>+yan<neg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> not<adv> a<det><ind><sg> child<n><sg>
  • (bkl) Je namwer bwernabaryan. → (eng) He is not sick now. ("He is not sick now.")
    (bkl) je<prn><subj> namwer<temp> bwernabar<n>+yan<neg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> not<adv> sick<adj><sint> now<adv>

Lists

  • In Berik, first person pronouns come first in lists, in English last.
  • (bkl) Ai, Daud, Sekati, Piterfar twensar. → (eng) David, Scotty, Peter, and I eat together. ("David, Scotty, Peter, and I eat together.")
    (bkl) ai<prn><subj> Daud<n><subj> Sekati<n><subj> Piter<n><com> twensar<v><iv><prs><light> → (eng) David<np><cog><sg> ,<cm> Scotty<np><ant><m><sg> ,<cm> Peter<np><ant><m><sg> ,<cm> and<cnjcoo> prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> eat<vblex><pres> together<adv>

Nouns

Tools and definiteness

  • Berik has a separate case for tools, English uses prepositions.
  • Berik does not mark definiteness.
  • (bkl) Korano atem difnant. → (eng) The chief came with a canoe. ("The chief came with a canoe.")
    (bkl) Korano<n><subj> at<n><ins> difna<v><iv><m><pst><light> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> chief<n><sg> come<vblex><past> with<pr> a<det><ind><sg> canoe<n><sg>
  • (bkl) Je twena ginem tana. → (eng) He killed the pig with an arrow. ("He killed the pig with an arrow.")
    (bkl) je<prn><subj> twin<n><acc> gin<n><ins> tana<v><tv><m><light><pst> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> kill<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> pig<n><sg> with<pr> a<det><ind><sg> arrow<n><sg>


Plurality and subject repetition

  • Berik nouns do not mark plurality.
  • A noun phrase in Berik with multiple modifiers will be split by the verb and/or a repetition of the subject.
  • (bkl) Ai twena anesus ai damtabili unggunfena setetina. → (eng) I see many large black pigs. ("I see many large black pigs.")
    (bkl) ai<prn><subj> twin<n><acc> ane<adj><int> ai<prn><subj> damtabili<v><tv><f><prs><light> unggunfena<adj> setetina<adj> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> see<vblex><pres> many<det><qnt><pl> large<adj><sint> black<adj><sint> pig<n><pl>

eng-bkl tests