Difference between revisions of "Berik and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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| − | == | + | === Word Order === |
| − | + | * English is SVO, Berik is SOV. | |
| + | === Copulas === | ||
* English has copulas, Berik doesn't. | * English has copulas, Berik doesn't. | ||
* Negative copulas are "copula adverb" in English, in Berik it's a negative suffix on the object. | * Negative copulas are "copula adverb" in English, in Berik it's a negative suffix on the object. | ||
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*: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} namwer{{tag|temp}} bwernabar{{tag|n}}+yan{{tag|neg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} not{{tag|adv}} sick{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} now{{tag|adv}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|bkl|eng|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}} namwer{{tag|temp}} bwernabar{{tag|n}}+yan{{tag|neg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} not{{tag|adv}} sick{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} now{{tag|adv}}}} | ||
| − | + | === Lists === | |
* In Berik, first person pronouns come first in lists, in English last. | * In Berik, first person pronouns come first in lists, in English last. | ||
Revision as of 10:36, 22 March 2018
Contents
Word Order
- English is SVO, Berik is SOV.
Copulas
- English has copulas, Berik doesn't.
- Negative copulas are "copula adverb" in English, in Berik it's a negative suffix on the object.
- (bkl) Ai taneyan. → (eng) I am not a child. ("I am not a child.")
- (bkl) ai<prn><subj> tane<n>+yan<neg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> not<adv> a<det><ind><sg> child<n><sg>
- (bkl) Je namwer bwernabaryan. → (eng) He is not sick now. ("He is not sick now.")
- (bkl) je<prn><subj> namwer<temp> bwernabar<n>+yan<neg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> not<adv> sick<adj><sint> now<adv>
Lists
- In Berik, first person pronouns come first in lists, in English last.
- (bkl) Ai, Daud, Sekati, Piterfar twensar. → (eng) David, Scotty, Peter, and I eat together. ("David, Scotty, Peter, and I eat together.")
- (bkl) ai<prn><subj> Daud<n><subj> Sekati<n><subj> Piter<n><com> twensar<v><iv><prs><light> → (eng) David<np><cog><sg> ,<cm> Scotty<np><ant><m><sg> ,<cm> Peter<np><ant><m><sg> ,<cm> and<cnjcoo> prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> eat<vblex><pres> together<adv>
Nouns
- Berik has a separate case for tools, English uses prepositions.
- Berik does not mark definiteness.
- (bkl) Korano atem difnant. → (eng) The chief came with a canoe. ("The chief came with a canoe.")
- (bkl) Korano<n><subj> at<n><ins> difna<v><iv><m><pst><light> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> chief<n><sg> come<vblex><past> with<pr> a<det><ind><sg> canoe<n><sg>
- (bkl) Je twena ginem tana. → (eng) He killed the pig with an arrow. ("He killed the pig with an arrow.")
- (bkl) je<prn><subj> twin<n><acc> gin<n><ins> tana<v><tv><m><light><pst> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> kill<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> pig<n><sg> with<pr> a<det><ind><sg> arrow<n><sg>
- Berik nouns do not mark plurality.
- A noun phrase in Berik with multiple modifiers will be split by the verb and/or a repetition of the subject.
- (bkl) Ai twena anesus ai damtabili unggunfena setetina. → (eng) I see many large black pigs. ("I see many large black pigs.")
- (bkl) ai<prn><subj> twin<n><acc> ane<adj><int> ai<prn><subj> damtabili<v><tv><f><prs><light> unggunfena<adj> setetina<adj> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> see<vblex><pres> many<det><qnt><pl> large<adj><sint> black<adj><sint> pig<n><pl>
