Difference between revisions of "Dzongkha and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
(→Adding "to be" Verbs) |
(→Adding Tense Suffix to Verbs) |
||
Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
==== Present Tense ==== | ==== Present Tense ==== | ||
− | + | * {{transferTest|dzo|eng|ཤར་དོ་|shining}} | |
− | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|dzo|eng|ཤར་{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|pres}}|shining{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|pres}} }} | |
=== Adding "to be" Verbs === | === Adding "to be" Verbs === |
Revision as of 07:08, 29 April 2021
Contents
Grammatical Differences
Adding Possessive or Genitive Suffix to Nouns
Adding Case Suffixes to Nouns
Context-sensitive addition of words:
Locative
- (dzo) སྒྲོམ་ནང་ → (eng) in the box
- (dzo) སྒྲོམ་<n><loc> → (eng) in<prp> a<det><def> box<n><sg>
- (dzo) དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ → (eng) on time
- (dzo) དུས་ཚོད་<n><loc> → (eng) on<prp> time<n><sg>
Ablative
- (dzo) རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་ → (eng) from the ocean
- (dzo) རྒྱ་མཚོ་<n><abl> → (eng) from<prp> a<det><def> ocean<n><sg>
- (dzo) ང་ལས་ → (eng) from me
- (dzo) ང་<prn><p1><sg><abl> → (eng) from<prp> me<prn><p1><sg>
Adding Tense Suffix to Verbs
Past Tense
- (dzo) ལྷོད་ཅི་ → (eng) arrived
- (dzo) ལྷོད་<v><iv><past> → (eng) arrived<v><iv><past>
Present Tense
- (dzo) ཤར་དོ་ → (eng) shining
- (dzo) ཤར་<v><iv><pres> → (eng) shining<v><iv><pres>
Adding "to be" Verbs
Move <vbser> from the end of the sentence to the end of a noun phrase.
- (dzo) བྱི་ལི་དེ་སྒྲོམ་ནང་འདུག་ → (eng) The cat is in the box.
- (dzo) བྱི་ལི<n> དེ་<det><def> སྒྲོམ་<n><loc> འདུག་<vbser> → (eng) the<det><def> cat<n><sg> is<vbser> in<prp> the<det><def> box<n><sg>
- (dzo) ཁོ་དགེ་སློང་མེན་ → (eng) He is not a monk.
- (dzo) ཁོ་<prn><p3><sg><m> དགེ་སློང་<n><sg> མེན་<vbser><neg> → (eng) He<prn><p3><sg><m> is<vbser> not<neg> a<def><det> monk<n><sg>
Determiner After Noun
Rearranging word order:
- (dzo) བྱི་ལི་དེ་ → (eng) the cat
- (dzo) བྱི་ལི<n> དེ་<det><def> → (eng) the<det><def> cat<n><sg>