Difference between revisions of "English and Navajo/Contrastive Grammar"

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== NAV-ENG Tests ==
 
===Determiners===
 
* Navajo has no equivalent determiner to English's "the" or "a"
 
  
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz.|The basketball rolled underneath the bed.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Jooł{{tag|n}} nikídílniihí{{tag|adj}} tsáskʼeh{{tag|n}} yaa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} íímááz{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Ball{{tag|n}} basketball{{tag|adj}} bed{{tag|n}} under{{tag|pp}} roll{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound..}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ{{tag|n}} ghan{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} naa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} ałhéénílyeed{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Ant{{tag|n}} house{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} around{{tag|pp}} go{{tag|v}}}}
 
 
===Postpositions===
 
* Navajo has a wide array of postpositions, also applying possessive inflection on them
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz.|The basketball rolled underneath the bed.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Jooł{{tag|n}} nikídílniihí{{tag|adj}} tsáskʼeh{{tag|n}} yaa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} íímááz{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Ball{{tag|n}} basketball{{tag|adj}} bed{{tag|n}} under{{tag|pp}} roll{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound..}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
===Pronouns===
 
* Pronouns are often excluded in Navajo, appearing only as morphemes within the verb
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł.|I will give you some stew.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ{{tag|n}} łaʼ{{tag|det}} naa{{tag|post}} deeshkááł{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Stew{{tag|n}} some{{tag|det}} around{{tag|pp}} give{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
===Verb placement===
 
* Verbs always appear at the end of the sentence in Navajo
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz.|The basketball rolled underneath the bed.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Jooł{{tag|n}} nikídílniihí{{tag|adj}} tsáskʼeh{{tag|n}} yaa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} íímááz{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Ball{{tag|n}} basketball{{tag|adj}} bed{{tag|n}} under{{tag|pp}} roll{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound..}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
===Future Verb mode===
 
* Unlike English, which conveys the future tense with an auxilliary "will," Navajo encodes this information in the verb, having a slightly different stem and set of subject prefixes for the verb.
 
 
* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł.|I will give you some stew.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ{{tag|n}} łaʼ{{tag|det}} naa{{tag|post}} deeshkááł{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Stew{{tag|n}} some{{tag|det}} around{{tag|pp}} give{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
 
 
 
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Navajo]] [[category:English]]
 

Latest revision as of 09:28, 8 May 2022