Difference between revisions of "English and Navajo/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz.|The basketball rolled underneath the bed.}} | * {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz.|The basketball rolled underneath the bed.}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound..}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
Revision as of 20:13, 6 May 2022
Contents
NAV-ENG Tests
Determiners
- Navajo has no equivalent determiner to English's "the" or "a"
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound..
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Postpositions
- Navajo has a wide array of postpositions, also applying possessive inflection on them
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound..
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Pronouns
- Pronouns are often excluded in Navajo, appearing only as morphemes within the verb
- (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Verb placement
- Verbs always appear at the end of the sentence in Navajo
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Future Verb mode
- Unlike English, which conveys the future tense with an auxilliary "will," Navajo encodes this information in the verb, having a slightly different stem and set of subject prefixes for the verb.
- (fra) Je le mangerai → (spa) Yo lo comeré ("I'll eat it.")
- (fra) je<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> le<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> manger<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (spa) yo<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> lo<prn><pers><p3><m><acc> comer<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
