Difference between revisions of "English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar"

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(Case endings as prepositions)
(Case endings as prepositions)
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==== Case endings as prepositions ====
 
==== Case endings as prepositions ====
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|тычо ни юх чӽаникғир ғедь.|I bought this fish from him for one ruble.}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|тычо ни юх чӽаникғир ғедь.|I bought this fish from him for one ruble.}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ты{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} чо{{tag|n}} ни{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|abl}} чӽа{{tag|num}}{{tag|cl9}}{{tag|ins}} ғе{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} bought{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}} fish{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} from{{tag|pr}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} for{{tag|pr}} one{{tag|num}}{{tag|sg}} ruble{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ты{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} чо{{tag|n}} ни{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|abl}} чӽа{{tag|n}} ник{{tag|num}}{{tag|cl9}}{{tag|ins}} ғе{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} bought{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}} fish{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} from{{tag|pr}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} for{{tag|pr}} one{{tag|num}}{{tag|sg}} ruble{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
  
  

Revision as of 22:41, 6 April 2019

niv-eng tests

  • Future tag becomes "will"
  • cvb_nar1 should turn into "-ing"
  • Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
  • Make relative clauses work
  • Translate case endings as prepositions

Examples

Add a "will" before word with future tense

  • (niv) иф иғдь. → (eng) He killed him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
  • (niv) иф иғныдь. → (eng) He will kill him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><fut><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> will<vbmod><pres> kill<vblex><inf> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>

Relative Clauses

  • (niv) нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь. → (eng) the woman who scolded the man went out.
    (niv) нивх<n> ӽат<v><tv> умгу<n> пʼу<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> scold<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> go out<vblex><past> .<sent>
  • (niv) ытык пʼызнивхордь. → (eng) father met the man who had called him.
    (niv) ытык<n> пʼи<prn><poss><ref> ыз<v><tv> нивх<n> ор<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) father<n><sg> meet<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> have<vbhaver><past> call<vblex><pp> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg>.<sent>

Converbs end with "-ing" in english

  • (niv) ӿоӻор озр видь. → (eng) then, standing up, he went away.
    (niv) ӿоӻор<cnjadv> оз<v><iv><cvb_nar1><p3><sg> ви<v><tv> .<sent> → (eng) then<cvjadv> ,<cm> stand<vblex><pprs> up<adv> ,<cm> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> away<adv> .<sent>
  • (niv) нёх рғопт эзмудь. → (eng) touching it in the barn, rejoiced.
    (niv) нё<n><abl> рғоп<v><tv><cvb_nar1><p1><pl> эзму<v><tv><ind><pl> .<sent> → (eng) touch<vblex><pprs> it<prn><p3><nt><obj><sg> in<pr> the<det><def><sp> barn<n><sg> ,<cm> they<prn><p3><mf><subj><pl> rejoice<vblex><past> .<sent>

SVO

  • (niv) умгу леп пʼоолаардь. → (eng) the woman fed her child bread.
    (niv) умгу<n> леп<n> пʼи<prn><ref> оола<n> ар<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
  • (niv) оола пʼӈафӄзадь. → (eng) the child beat his friend.
    (niv) оола<n> пʼи<prn><ref><poss> ӈафӄ<n> за<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> child<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><mf><sg> friend<n><sg> .<sent>

Case endings as prepositions

  • (niv) тычо ни юх чӽаникғир ғедь. → (eng) I bought this fish from him for one ruble.
    (niv) ты<det><dem> чо<n> ни<prn><pers><p1><sg> иф<prn><pers><p3><sg><abl> чӽа<n> ник<num><cl9><ins> ғе<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p1><mf><subj><sg> bought<vblex><past> prpers<det><dem><sg> fish<n><sg> from<pr> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> for<pr> one<num><sg> ruble<n><sg> .<sent>