Difference between revisions of "English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar"

From LING073
Jump to: navigation, search
(SVO)
Line 33: Line 33:
  
 
==== Case endings as prepositions ====
 
==== Case endings as prepositions ====
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|тычо ни юх чӽаникғир ғедь.|I bought this fish from him for one ruble.}}
+
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with a spear.}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ты{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} чо{{tag|n}} ни{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|abl}} чӽа{{tag|n}} ник{{tag|num}}{{tag|cl9}}{{tag|ins}} ғе{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} bought{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}} fish{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} from{{tag|pr}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} for{{tag|pr}} one{{tag|num}}{{tag|sg}} ruble{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄотр{{tag|n}} ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
 +
 +
иф ӄʼахкир ӄотркʼудь.
  
 
[[Category:Nivkh]]
 
[[Category:Nivkh]]
 
[[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]]
 
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Revision as of 19:18, 10 April 2019

niv-eng tests

  • Future tag becomes "will"
  • cvb_nar1 should turn into "-ing"
  • Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
  • Make relative clauses work
  • Translate case endings as prepositions

Examples

Add a "will" before word with future tense

  • (niv) иф иғдь. → (eng) He killed him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
  • (niv) иф иғныдь. → (eng) He will kill him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><fut><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> will<vbmod><pres> kill<vblex><inf> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>

Relative Clauses

  • (niv) нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь. → (eng) the woman who scolded the man went out.
    (niv) нивх<n> ӽат<v><tv> умгу<n> пʼу<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> scold<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> go out<vblex><past> .<sent>
  • (niv) ытык пʼызнивхордь. → (eng) father met the man who had called him.
    (niv) ытык<n> пʼи<prn><poss><ref> ыз<v><tv> нивх<n> ор<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) father<n><sg> meet<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> have<vbhaver><past> call<vblex><pp> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg>.<sent>

Converbs end with "-ing" in english

  • (niv) ӿоӻор озр видь. → (eng) then, standing up, he went away.
    (niv) ӿоӻор<cnjadv> оз<v><iv><cvb_nar1><p3><sg> ви<v><tv> .<sent> → (eng) then<cvjadv> ,<cm> stand<vblex><pprs> up<adv> ,<cm> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> away<adv> .<sent>
  • (niv) нёх рғопт эзмудь. → (eng) touching it in the barn, rejoiced.
    (niv) нё<n><abl> рғоп<v><tv><cvb_nar1><p1><pl> эзму<v><tv><ind><pl> .<sent> → (eng) touch<vblex><pprs> it<prn><p3><nt><obj><sg> in<pr> the<det><def><sp> barn<n><sg> ,<cm> they<prn><p3><mf><subj><pl> rejoice<vblex><past> .<sent>

SVO

  • (niv) умгу леп пʼоолаардь. → (eng) the woman fed her child bread.
    (niv) умгу<n> леп<n> пʼи<prn><ref> оола<n> ар<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
  • (niv) оола пʼӈафӄзадь. → (eng) the child beat his friend.
    (niv) оола<n> пʼи<prn><ref><poss> ӈафӄ<n> за<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> child<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg> friend<n><sg> .<sent>

Case endings as prepositions

  • (niv) иф ӄʼахкир ӄотркʼудь. → (eng) he killed the bear with a spear.
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> ӄʼах<n><ins> ӄотр<n> ху<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> bear<n><sg> with<pr> a<det><ind><sg> spear<n><sg> .<sent>
  • (niv) иф энакʼныкроӽ видь. → (eng) he went to another promontory.
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> эна<v><iv> кʼнык<n><dat> ви<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> to<pr> another<det><ind><sg> promontory<n><sg> .<sent>


иф ӄʼахкир ӄотркʼудь.