Difference between revisions of "English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar"
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==== SVO ==== | ==== SVO ==== | ||
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}} | ||
− | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} оола{{tag|n}} ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+оола{{tag|n}}+ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}} | ||
− | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} ӈафӄ{{tag|n}} за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+ӈафӄ{{tag|n}}+за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
==== Case endings as prepositions ==== | ==== Case endings as prepositions ==== | ||
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with the spear.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with the spear.}} | ||
− | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}} ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}}+ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}} | ||
− | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}+кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
[[Category:Nivkh]] | [[Category:Nivkh]] | ||
[[Category:English]] | [[Category:English]] | ||
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] | [[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] |
Latest revision as of 10:23, 16 April 2019
Contents
niv-eng tests
- Future tag becomes "will"
cvb_nar1
should turn into "-ing"- Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
- Make relative clauses work
- Translate case endings as prepositions
Examples
Add a "will" before word with future tense
- (niv) иф иғдь. → (eng) He killed him
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
- (niv) иф иғныдь. → (eng) He will kill him
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><fut><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> will<vbmod><pres> kill<vblex><inf> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
Relative Clauses
- (niv) нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь. → (eng) the woman who scolded the man went out.
- (niv) нивх<n>+ӽат<v><tv>+умгу<n> пʼу<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> scold<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> go out<vblex><past> .<sent>
- (niv) ытык пʼызнивхордь. → (eng) father met the man who had called him.
- (niv) ытык<n> пʼи<prn><ref>+ыз<v><tv>+нивх<n>+ор<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) father<n><sg> meet<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> have<vbhaver><past> call<vblex><pp> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg>.<sent>
Converbs end with "-ing" in english
- (niv) ӿоӻор озр видь. → (eng) then, standing up, he went away.
- (niv) ӿоӻор<cnjadv> оз<v><iv><cvb_nar1><p3><sg> ви<v><tv> .<sent> → (eng) then<cvjadv> ,<cm> stand<vblex><pprs> up<adv> ,<cm> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> away<adv> .<sent>
- (niv) нёх рғопт эзмудь. → (eng) touching it in the barn, rejoiced.
- (niv) нё<n><abl> рғоп<v><tv><cvb_nar1><p1><pl> эзму<v><tv><ind><pl> .<sent> → (eng) touch<vblex><pprs> it<prn><p3><nt><obj><sg> in<pr> the<det><def><sp> barn<n><sg> ,<cm> they<prn><p3><mf><subj><pl> rejoice<vblex><past> .<sent>
SVO
- (niv) умгу леп пʼоолаардь. → (eng) the woman fed her child bread.
- (niv) умгу<n> леп<n> пʼи<det><ref><poss>+оола<n>+ар<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
- (niv) оола пʼӈафӄзадь. → (eng) the child beat his friend.
- (niv) оола<n> пʼи<det><ref><poss>+ӈафӄ<n>+за<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> child<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg> friend<n><sg> .<sent>
Case endings as prepositions
- (niv) иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь. → (eng) he killed the bear with the spear.
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> ӄʼах<n><ins> ӄʼотр<n>+ху<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> bear<n><sg> with<pr> the<det><def><sg> spear<n><sg> .<sent>
- (niv) иф энакʼныкроӽ видь. → (eng) he went to another promontory.
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> эна<v><iv>+кʼнык<n><dat> ви<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> to<pr> another<det><ind><sg> promontory<n><sg> .<sent>