Difference between revisions of "English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar"

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(Examples)
(Case endings as prepositions)
 
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*Future tag becomes "will"
 
*Future tag becomes "will"
*<code> cvb_nar</code> should turn into "-ing"
+
*<code> cvb_nar1</code> should turn into "-ing"
*We make verbs without future tag past tense
 
 
*Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
 
*Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
*Make relative clauses work  
+
*Make relative clauses work
 
+
*Translate case endings as prepositions
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
 +
{{comment|put in + signs where appropriate? —[[User:Jwashin1|Jwashin1]] ([[User talk:Jwashin1|talk]]) 16:37, 15 April 2019 (EDT)}}
 +
==== Add a "will" before word with future tense ====
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғдь.|He killed him}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғдь.|He killed him}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ind}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғныдь.|He will kill him}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғныдь.|He will kill him}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|ind}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
  
 +
==== Relative Clauses ====
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь.|the woman who scolded the man went out.}}
 
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь.|the woman who scolded the man went out.}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}} ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}}+ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}+умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|ытык пʼызнивхордь.|father met the man who had called him.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}}+ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}+нивх{{tag|n}}+ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
 
 +
==== Converbs end with "-ing" in english ====
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор озр видь.|then, standing up, he went away.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор{{tag|cnjadv}} оз{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|cvb_nar1}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} .{{tag|sent}}|then{{tag|cvjadv}} ,{{tag|cm}} stand{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} up{{tag|adv}} ,{{tag|cm}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} away{{tag|adv}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|нёх рғопт эзмудь.|touching it in the barn, rejoiced.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нё{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}} рғоп{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|cvb_nar1}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} эзму{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} .{{tag|sent}}|touch{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} it{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} barn{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ,{{tag|cm}} they{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|pl}} rejoice{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
 
 +
==== SVO ====
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+оола{{tag|n}}+ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+ӈафӄ{{tag|n}}+за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
  
 +
==== Case endings as prepositions ====
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with the spear.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}}+ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 +
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}+кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
  
 
[[Category:Nivkh]]
 
[[Category:Nivkh]]
 
[[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]]
 
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 16 April 2019

niv-eng tests

  • Future tag becomes "will"
  • cvb_nar1 should turn into "-ing"
  • Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
  • Make relative clauses work
  • Translate case endings as prepositions

Examples

put in + signs where appropriate? —Jwashin1 (talk) 16:37, 15 April 2019 (EDT)

Add a "will" before word with future tense

  • (niv) иф иғдь. → (eng) He killed him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
  • (niv) иф иғныдь. → (eng) He will kill him
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><fut><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> will<vbmod><pres> kill<vblex><inf> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>

Relative Clauses

  • (niv) нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь. → (eng) the woman who scolded the man went out.
    (niv) нивх<n>+ӽат<v><tv>+умгу<n> пʼу<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> scold<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> go out<vblex><past> .<sent>
  • (niv) ытык пʼызнивхордь. → (eng) father met the man who had called him.
    (niv) ытык<n> пʼи<prn><ref>+ыз<v><tv>+нивх<n>+ор<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) father<n><sg> meet<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> have<vbhaver><past> call<vblex><pp> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg>.<sent>

Converbs end with "-ing" in english

  • (niv) ӿоӻор озр видь. → (eng) then, standing up, he went away.
    (niv) ӿоӻор<cnjadv> оз<v><iv><cvb_nar1><p3><sg> ви<v><tv> .<sent> → (eng) then<cvjadv> ,<cm> stand<vblex><pprs> up<adv> ,<cm> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> away<adv> .<sent>
  • (niv) нёх рғопт эзмудь. → (eng) touching it in the barn, rejoiced.
    (niv) нё<n><abl> рғоп<v><tv><cvb_nar1><p1><pl> эзму<v><tv><ind><pl> .<sent> → (eng) touch<vblex><pprs> it<prn><p3><nt><obj><sg> in<pr> the<det><def><sp> barn<n><sg> ,<cm> they<prn><p3><mf><subj><pl> rejoice<vblex><past> .<sent>

SVO

  • (niv) умгу леп пʼоолаардь. → (eng) the woman fed her child bread.
    (niv) умгу<n> леп<n> пʼи<det><ref><poss>+оола<n>+ар<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
  • (niv) оола пʼӈафӄзадь. → (eng) the child beat his friend.
    (niv) оола<n> пʼи<det><ref><poss>+ӈафӄ<n>+за<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> child<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg> friend<n><sg> .<sent>

Case endings as prepositions

  • (niv) иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь. → (eng) he killed the bear with the spear.
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> ӄʼах<n><ins> ӄʼотр<n>+ху<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> bear<n><sg> with<pr> the<det><def><sg> spear<n><sg> .<sent>
  • (niv) иф энакʼныкроӽ видь. → (eng) he went to another promontory.
    (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> эна<v><iv>+кʼнык<n><dat> ви<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> to<pr> another<det><ind><sg> promontory<n><sg> .<sent>